{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:55:01Z","timestamp":1787018101148,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Reproductive events, that is, a preterm birth (\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age infant (\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and vasomotor symptoms of menopause, are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). We evaluated whether women with a past\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\/or\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (henceforth\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were more likely to have severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause and whether the estimated 10\u2010year\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk was higher in women with\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and vasomotor exposures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We assigned 1866 women (mean age=55\u00b11\u00a0years) in the\n CARDIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study to the following categories of reproductive exposures: none,\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n only, vasomotor symptoms only, or both\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and vasomotor symptoms. We used Kruskal\u2010Wallis tests to evaluate the differences in pooled cohort equation\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk scores by category and linear regression to evaluate the associations of categories with\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk scores adjusted for study center,\n body mass index<\/jats:styled-content>\n , education, current hormone replacement therapy use, parity, and hysterectomy. Women with\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n were more likely to have severe vasomotor symptoms, 36% versus 30%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.02.\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk score was higher in women with both\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and vasomotor symptoms (4.6%; 95% CI, 4.1%\u20135.1%) versus women with no exposures (3.3%; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 2.9%\u20133.7%) or vasomotor symptoms only (3.8%; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 3.5%\u20134.0%).\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk score was higher in women\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (4.8%; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 3.6%\u20135.9%) versus no exposures.\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and vasomotor symptoms was associated with\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk score in white women versus no exposures (\u03b2=0.40; 95% CI, 0.02\u20130.78).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Women with prior\n PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\n were more likely to have severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Reproductive exposures were associated with an estimated 10\u2010year\n ASCVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk in white women.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1588654927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Life\u2010Course Reproductive History and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Late Mid\u2010Life: The CARDIA Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Abbi D.","family":"Lane\u2010Cordova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of South Carolina Columbia SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica P.","family":"Gunderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Greenland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Catov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magee\u2010Women\u2019s Research Institute and Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Pettee Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa F.","family":"Wellons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes R.","family":"Carnethon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/WHE.14.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007138"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00143"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.092"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5670"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31824a09ec"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000641"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.776823"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000857"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.5206"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085716"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160108"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000345"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000534"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818da09b"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2630"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025954"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.098"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023266"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.869727"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000509"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002441"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820faaf8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.12.2125"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00288.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10229"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4248"}],"container-title":["Journal 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