{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:50:06Z","timestamp":1791906606237,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The normal rate of subclinical vascular aging from adolescence to young adulthood has not been well\u2010characterized. We conducted a 5\u2010year longitudinal study among adolescents with normal\u2010weight, obesity, and\/or type 2 diabetes mellitus to examine trajectories of early vascular aging.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Adolescents (mean [SD] age 17.6 [3.5]; 35.3% male) had either normal weight (n=141), obesity (n=156), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=151) at baseline. Primary metrics used for early vascular aging included measures of vascular structure (carotid intima\u2010media thickness [cIMT]; common, internal, and bulb) and arterial stiffness (carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index). Longitudinal (5\u2010year) outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equations adjusting for baseline value, sex, race, and age. Compared with participants with normal weight, those with obesity had greater positive change in common cIMT (0.05\u00a0mm [0.03, 0.06];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), bulb cIMT (0.02\u00a0mm [0.00, 0.05];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.033), internal cIMT (0.03\u00a0mm [0.01, 0.05];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid\u2010femoral (0.38\u00a0m\/sec [0.14, 0.61];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001), and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had greater positive change in common cIMT (0.05\u00a0mm [0.04, 0.07];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), bulb cIMT (0.06\u00a0mm [0.04, 0.09];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), internal cIMT (0.04\u00a0mm [0.02, 0.07];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), augmentation index (4.67% [2.20, 7.13];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid\u2010femoral (0.74\u00a0m\/sec [0.46, 1.02];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Higher baseline systolic blood pressure was associated with greater positive change in common cIMT (0.007\u00a0mm [0.003, 0.011];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), bulb cIMT (0.009\u00a0mm [0.002, 0.016];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01), internal cIMT (0.008\u00a0mm [0.003, 0.013];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid\u2010femoral (0.066\u00a0m\/sec [0.002, 0.130];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.042).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">These longitudinal data support the hypothesis that the presence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and elevated baseline systolic blood pressure in early life accelerates the progression of risk factors key in the development of early vascular aging.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T09:00:44Z","timestamp":1588755644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Accelerated Early Vascular Aging Among Adolescents With Obesity and\/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7506-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin R.","family":"Ryder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN"},{"name":"Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Northrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle D.","family":"Rudser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron S.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN"},{"name":"Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Kimball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of New Orleans and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence M.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Urbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.864801"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07426"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886655"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(57)90091-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"The natural history of coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"40","author":"Strong J","year":"1962","unstructured":"Strong J, McGill H. The natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol. 1962;40:37\u201349.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"The natural history of aortic atherosclerosis: relationship to race, sex, and coronary lesions in New Orleans","volume":"52","author":"Strong J","year":"1963","unstructured":"Strong J, McGill HC Jr. The natural history of aortic atherosclerosis: relationship to race, sex, and coronary lesions in New Orleans. Exp Mol Pathol. 1963;52(suppl 1):15\u201327.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","first-page":"560","article-title":"Fatty streaks in the coronary arteries and aorta","volume":"18","author":"McGill HC","year":"1968","unstructured":"McGill HC Jr. Fatty streaks in the coronary arteries and aorta. Lab Invest. 1968;18:560\u2013564.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02660-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.17.2271"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.192639"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.830380"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32833a6132"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0747"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182a5cfb3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114543"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-Sint01"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.21.2709"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2007.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00316-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.5.1141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000051461.92839.F7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.6.4.378"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00263.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816121-00033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1201.097723"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Pulse wave analysis","volume":"14","author":"O'Rourke MF","year":"1996","unstructured":"O'Rourke MF, Gallagher DE. Pulse wave analysis. J Hypertens. 1996;14:147\u2013157.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","first-page":"137","article-title":"Estimation of ascending aortic pressure from radial arterial pressure using a generalized transfer function","volume":"85","author":"Takazawa K ORM","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takazawa K ORM, Fujita M, Tanaka N, Takeda K, Kurosu F, Ibukiyama C. Estimation of ascending aortic pressure from radial arterial pressure using a generalized transfer function. Z Kardiol. 1996;85(suppl 3):137\u2013139.","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","first-page":"H1363","article-title":"Pressure wave propagation in a multibranched model of the human upper\u2010limb","volume":"269","author":"Karamanoglu MGD","year":"1995","unstructured":"Karamanoglu MGD, Avolio AP, O'Rourke MF. Pressure wave propagation in a multibranched model of the human upper\u2010limb. Am J Physiol. 1995;269(pt 2):H1363\u2013H1369.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.7.1827"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000048341.52293.7C"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.3.434"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Team RC . R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.4.1091"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.196"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.9.928"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.12.084"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2001.03576.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm556"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4562"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00471.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm633"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000032656.91352.5E"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004757"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000015329.15481.E8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.33.5.1111"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014891","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:56:46Z","timestamp":1715601406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.014891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.014891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.014891","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e014891"}}