{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T06:59:47Z","timestamp":1782889187004,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a common pathological condition of intestinal microbiota. The prevalence of SIBO and its prognostic value in patients with heart failure (HF) are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 287 patients tested for SIBO using lactulose hydrogen\u2010methane breath test were evaluated. At least 1 of the following criteria fulfilled was SIBO positive: patients with fasting hydrogen level \u226520\u00a0parts per million (ppm) or a \u226520\u00a0ppm rise in hydrogen by 90\u00a0minutes were diagnosed with SIBO (H\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              ) positive; and patients with methane levels \u226510\u00a0ppm at any test point were diagnosed with SIBO (CH\n              <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n              ) positive. The association between SIBO and the composite of cardiovascular death and HF rehospitalization was investigated. In 287 consecutive patients with HF, 128 (45%) were positive for SIBO. Our result showed SIBO increased the risk of HF rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and the risk of cardiovascular death in patients with HF with preserved EF (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.011). SIBO was an independent risk factor of primary end point in patients with HF (hazard ratio [HR], 2.13; 95% CI; 1.26\u20133.58;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.005). In addition, SIBO (CH\n              <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n              ) showed a prognostic value on adverse outcomes (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.38\u20134.02;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), whereas the association between SIBO (H\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              ) and outcomes was not statistically significant.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">There was high prevalence of SIBO in patients with HF, and SIBO was independently associated with poor outcomes. Proactive treatment for SIBO may provide extra benefit for patients with HF.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.015292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T09:43:46Z","timestamp":1615974226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Association of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth With Heart Failure and Its Prediction for Short\u2010Term Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 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