{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:02:28Z","timestamp":1790402548565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Childhood adversity and trauma have been shown to be associated with poorer cardiovascular disease (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) outcomes in adulthood. However, longitudinal studies of this association are rare.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Our study used the\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARDIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study, a longitudinal cohort that has followed participants from recruitment in 1985\u20131986 through 2018, to determine how childhood psychosocial environment relates to\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              incidence and all\u2010cause mortality in middle age. Participants (n=3646) completed the Childhood Family Environment (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) questionnaire at the year 15 (2000\u20132001)\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CARDIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n              examination and were grouped by high, moderate, or low relative\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity scores. We used sequential multivariable regression models to estimate hazard ratios of incident (\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              ) and all\u2010cause mortality. Participants were 25.1\u00b13.6\u00a0years old, 47% black, and 56% female at baseline and 198 participants developed\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              (17.9 per 10\u00a0000 person\u2010years) during follow\u2010up.\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              incidence was &gt;50% higher for those in the high\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity group compared with those in the low\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity group. In fully adjusted models,\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              hazard ratios (95% CI) for participants who reported high and moderate\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity versus those reporting low\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity were 1.40 (0.98\u20132.11) and 1.25 (0.89\u20131.75), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios for all\u2010cause mortality was 1.68 (1.17\u20132.41) for those with high\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity scores and 1.55 (1.11\u20132.17) for those with moderate\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              adversity scores.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Adverse\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFE<\/jats:styled-content>\n              was associated with\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              incidence and all\u2010cause mortality later in life, even after controlling for\n              <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n              risk factors in young adulthood.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.015326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T09:08:21Z","timestamp":1588064901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Association of Childhood Psychosocial Environment With 30\u2010Year Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in Middle Age"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9171-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob B.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiarri N.","family":"Kershaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago 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