{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:39:24Z","timestamp":1772163564694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Common carotid intima medial thickness (IMT) increases with aging. However, the longitudinal association between IMT and other age\u2010associated hemodynamic alterations in men and in women are not fully explored.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We analyzed repeated measures of IMT, blood pressure, and carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity over a 20\u2010year period in 1067 men and women of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging; participants were ages 20 to 92\u00a0years at entry and free of overt cardiovascular disease. Linear mixed\u2010effects models were used to calculate the individual rates of change (\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              ) of IMT, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse wave velocity, among other covariates. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the association of IMT\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              with baseline and rates of change of hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. IMT increased at accelerating rates from 0.02\u00a0mm\/decade at age 50 years to 0.05\u00a0mm\/decade at age 80 years greater rates in men than in women. IMT\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              was positively associated with baseline low\u2010density lipoprotein, low\u2010density lipoprotein\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              , and baseline systolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              , but inversely with baseline diastolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              . When blood pressure was expressed as pulse pressure and MAP, IMT\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              was positively associated with baseline pulse pressure and pulse pressure\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              and inversely with baseline mean arterial pressure and mean arterial pressure\n              <jats:sub>Change<\/jats:sub>\n              . In sex\u2010specific analysis, these associations were observed in women, but not in men.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In summary, our analyses showed that IMT increases at accelerating rates with aging. Age\u2010associated changes in IMT were modulated by concurrent changes of low\u2010density lipoprotein in both sexes, and of pulsatile and mean blood pressure in women but not men.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.015396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,7]],"date-time":"2020-11-07T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1604743797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sex Differences in Longitudinal Determinants of Carotid Intima Medial Thickening With Aging in a Community\u2010Dwelling Population: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ajoy C.","family":"Karikkineth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7642-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majd","family":"AlGhatrif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging NIH Biomedical Research Center Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matt T.","family":"Oberdier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging NIH Biomedical Research Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Morrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging NIH Biomedical Research Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elango","family":"Palchamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Strait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging NIH Biomedical Research Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Longitudinal Studies Section Translational Gerontology Branch National Institute on Aging, NIH Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward G.","family":"Lakatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science National Institute on Aging NIH Biomedical Research Center Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048893.62841.F7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.11.5.1245"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005669"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.1.6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy1201.099291"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181865f73"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01445"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"881","volume-title":"JSM Proceedings, Biometrics Section","author":"Morrell CH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrell CH, Brant LJ, AlGhatrif M, Lakatta EG. Estimating subject\u2010specific rates of change from longitudinal data. In: JSM Proceedings, Biometrics Section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association; 2018:881\u2013890."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.646596"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq141"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000088643.07108.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.3.550"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hps092"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.35.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2016.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04127"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200101000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001673"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0b013e32832e062f"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834e12d8"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.015396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:48:32Z","timestamp":1715600912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.119.015396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.119.015396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.015396","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e015396"}}