{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:58:36Z","timestamp":1789084716829,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Current strategies for cardiovascular disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) risk assessment focus on 10\u2010year or longer timeframes. Shorter\u2010term\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk is also clinically relevant, particularly for high\u2010risk occupations, but is under\u2010investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We pooled data from participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study), MESA (Multi\u2010Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), and DHS (Dallas Heart Study), free from\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at baseline (N=16\u00a0581). Measurements included N\u2010terminal pro\u2010B\u2010type natriuretic peptide (&gt;100\u00a0pg\/mL prospectively defined as abnormal); high\u2010sensitivity cardiac troponin T (abnormal &gt;5\u00a0ng\/L); high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (abnormal &gt;3\u00a0mg\/L); left ventricular hypertrophy by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (abnormal if present); carotid intima\u2010media thickness, and plaque (abnormal &gt;75th percentile for age and sex or presence of plaque); and coronary artery calcium (abnormal &gt;10\u00a0Agatston U). Each abnormal test result except left ventricular hypertrophy by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was independently associated with increased 3\u2010year risk of global\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, incident heart failure, or atrial fibrillation), even after adjustment for traditional\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk factors and the other test results. When a simple integer score counting the number of abnormal tests was used, 3\u2010year multivariable\u2010adjusted global\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk was increased among participants with integer scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4, by \u22482\u2010, 3\u2010, 4.5\u2010 and 8\u2010fold, respectively, when compared with those with a score of 0. Qualitatively similar results were obtained for atherosclerotic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (fatal or non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction or stroke).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      A strategy incorporating multiple biomarkers and atherosclerosis imaging improved assessment of 3\u2010year global and atherosclerotic\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk compared with a standard approach using traditional risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.015410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T05:01:48Z","timestamp":1595480508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Combining Biomarkers and Imaging for Short\u2010Term Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Apparently Healthy Adults"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9333-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Odette","family":"Gore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Denver Health and Hospital Authority Denver CO"},{"name":"Community Health Department Colorado Prevention Center Aurora CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colby R.","family":"Ayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Khera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"deFilippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inova Heart and Vascular Institute Fall Church VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Seliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Nambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX"},{"name":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston TX"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Selvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarett D.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Gregory","family":"Hundley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Radiological Sciences Wake Forest Health Sciences Winston\u2010Salem NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Greenland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Drazner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie M.","family":"Ballantyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX"},{"name":"Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"de Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"e1182","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol","volume":"139","author":"Grundy SM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, Braun LT, de Ferranti S, Faiella\u2010Tommasino J, Forman DE, et\u00a0al. 2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. 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