{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T21:21:42Z","timestamp":1791062502953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality among people experiencing homelessness. This study investigated whether housing intervention affects cardiovascular disease risk factors among homeless adults with mental illnesses over a 24\u2010month period.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a Housing First intervention that provided community\u2010based scattered\u2010site housing and support services. Five hundred seventy\u2010five participants were randomized to the intervention (n=301) or treatment as usual (TAU) (n=274). Analyses were performed according to the intention\u2010to\u2010treat principle using generalized estimating equations. There were no differences in change over 24\u00a0months between the 2 groups for blood pressure, tobacco, and cocaine\/crack use. However, the intervention had an impact on reducing the number of days of alcohol intoxication by 1.58\u00a0days compared with TAU (95% CI, \u22122.88 to \u22120.27,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0018). Over the 24\u2010month period, both the intervention and TAU groups had significant reductions in tobacco and cocaine use.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The intervention, compared with TAU, did not result in greater improvements in many of the selected cardiovascular risk factors. Since the study took place in a service\u2010rich city with a range of pre\u2010existing supportive services and universal health insurance, the high level of usual services available to the TAU group may have contributed to reductions in their cardiovascular disease risk factors. Further research is needed to develop interventions to reduce risk factors of cardiovascular disease among people experiencing homelessness and mental illness beyond existing treatments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>REGISTRATION<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.isrctn.com\">www.isrctn.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.isrctn.com\">www.isrctn.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique Identifier: ISRCTN42520374\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.016896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T09:12:49Z","timestamp":1601025169000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of a Housing Intervention on Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Homeless Adults With Mental Illness: 24\u2010Month Follow\u2010Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6756-7031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony","family":"Chum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brock University St. Catharines ON Canada"},{"name":"Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6251-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ri","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosane","family":"Nisenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4549-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"O\u2019Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3941-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky","family":"Stergiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1276-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Gaetz S Dej E Richter T. 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