{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:40:07Z","timestamp":1789000807641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Neurodevelopmental impairments are common in survivors of complex congenital heart defects (CHD). We report neuropsychological and brain imaging assessments in adults operated for isolated septal defects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Patients (mean age 25.6\u00a0yrs) who underwent childhood surgery for isolated atrial septal defect (n=34) or ventricular septal defect (n=32), and healthy matched peers (n=40), underwent a standard battery of neuropsychological tests and a 3.0T brain magnetic resonance imaging scan. Patient intelligence was affected with lower scores on Full\u2010Scale intelligence quotient (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), Verbal Comprehension (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), Perceptual Reasoning (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007), and Working Memory (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) compared with controls. Also, the CHD group had poorer visuospatial abilities (Immediate Recall,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.033; Delayed Recall,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.018), verbal memory (Trial 1,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.015; Total Learning,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001; Delayed Recall,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007), executive function (Executive Composite Score,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and social recognition (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002) compared with controls. Self\u2010reported levels of executive dysfunction, attention deficits and hyperactivity behavior, and social cognition dysfunction were higher in the CHD group compared with population means and controls. We found similar global and regional morphometric brain volumes and a similar frequency of brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in the 2 groups. The CHD group had a high occurrence of psychiatric disease and a larger need for special teaching during school age.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Children operated for simple CHD demonstrate poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in adulthood when compared with healthy controls and expected population means.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>REGISTRATION<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clini\u200bcaltr\u200bials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique identifier: NCT03871881.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.015843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T15:03:16Z","timestamp":1589900596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Neuropsychological Status and Structural Brain Imaging in Adults With Simple Congenital Heart Defects Closed in Childhood"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Asschenfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic &amp; Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Evald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Hammel Neurorehabilitation Centre and University Research Clinic Hammel Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Heiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic &amp; Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Salvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic &amp; Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Neuroradiology Research Unit Department of Radiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke Beese","family":"Dalby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Fristed","family":"Eskildsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke Elisabeth","family":"Hjortdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic &amp; Vascular Surgery Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus N Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.03.587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.8.883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.064113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.026963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951114000031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx687"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV","author":"Wechsler D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wechsler D. 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