{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T13:15:14Z","timestamp":1768828514715,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This study investigated whether levosimendan, an inotropic calcium sensitizer, when combined with moderate therapeutic hypothermia, may exert synergistic benefits on post\u2013cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              After 9.5\u2010minute asphyxia\u2010induced cardiac arrest and resuscitation, 48 rats were randomized equally into 4 groups following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), including normothermia, hypothermia, normothermia\u2013levosimendan, and hypothermia\u2013levosimendan groups. For the normothermia group, the target temperature was 37\u00b0C while for the hypothermia group, the target temperature was 32\u00b0C, both of which were to be maintained for 4\u00a0hours after ROSC. Levosimendan was administered after ROSC with a loading dose of 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg and then infused at 0.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg per min for 4\u00a0hours. In the hypothermia\u2013levosimendan group, left ventricular systolic function and cardiac output increased significantly, whereas the heart rate and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly compared with the normothermia group. Also, the concentrations of interleukin 1\u03b2 at 4\u00a0hours post\u2010ROSC and the production of NO between 1\u00a0hour and 4\u00a0hours post\u2010ROSC were reduced significantly in the hypothermia\u2013levosimendan group compared with the normothermia group. The 72\u2010hour post\u2010ROSC survival and neurological recovery were also significantly better in the hypothermia\u2013levosimendan group compared with the normothermia group (survival, 100% versus 50%, \u03c7\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              test,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Compared with normothermia, only combined moderate therapeutic hypothermia and levosimendan treatment could consistently improve post\u2013cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction and decrease the release of pro\u2010inflammatory molecules, thereby improving survival and neurological outcomes. These findings suggest synergistic benefits between moderate therapeutic hypothermia and levosimendan.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.016139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T09:53:35Z","timestamp":1591005215000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Synergistic Effects of Moderate Therapeutic Hypothermia and Levosimendan on Cardiac Function and Survival After Asphyxia\u2010Induced Cardiac Arrest in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chih\u2010Hung","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Tien","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min\u2010Shan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Jone","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3043-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2008.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000156241.55872.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013385305567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1906661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aa5241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-015-0516-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"A rat model of ventricular fibrillation and resuscitation by conventional closed\u2010chest technique","author":"Lamoureux L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamoureux L, Radhakrishnan J, Gazmuri RJ. 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