{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:56:14Z","timestamp":1767988574711,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Sex differences in outcome have been reported in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. We aimed to report on the incidence of time\u2010dependent life\u2010threatening events in male and female patients with long QT syndrome with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 60 patients with long QT syndrome received an ICD for primary or secondary prevention indications. Life\u2010threatening events were evaluated from the date of ICD implant and included ICD shocks for ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or death. ICDs were implanted in 219 women (mean age 38\u00b113\u00a0years), 46 girls (12\u00b15\u00a0years), 55 men (43\u00b117\u00a0years), and 40 boys (11\u00b14\u00a0years). Mean follow\u2010up post\u2010ICD implantation was 14\u00b16\u00a0years for females and 12\u00b16\u00a0years for males. At 15\u00a0years of follow\u2010up, the cumulative probability of life\u2010threatening events was 27% in females and 34% in males (log\u2010rank\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.26 for the overall difference). In the multivariable Cox model, sex was not associated with significant differences in risk first appropriate ICD shock (hazard ratio, 0.83 female versus male; 95% CI, 0.52\u20131.34;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.47). Results were similar when stratified by age and by genotype: long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1), long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2), and long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3). Incidence of inappropriate ICD shocks was higher in males versus females (4.2 versus 2.7 episodes per 100 patient\u2010years;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.018), predominantly attributed to atrial fibrillation. The first shock did not terminate ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation in 48% of females and 62% of males (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.25).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In patients with long QT syndrome with an ICD, the risk and rate of life\u2010threatening events did not significantly differ between males and females regardless of ICD indications or genotype. In a substantial proportion of patients with long QT syndrome, first shock did not terminate ventricular tachycardia\/ventricular fibrillation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.016398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T09:25:50Z","timestamp":1600680350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Outcome by Sex in Patients With Long QT Syndrome With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2485-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arwa","family":"Younis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet K.","family":"Aktas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer","family":"Rosero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Kutyifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0114-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronislava","family":"Polonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McNitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nona","family":"Sotoodehnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit University of Washington Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Kudenchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit University of Washington Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Progression in Resuscitation University of Washington Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8980-8695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan E.","family":"Arking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Medicine McKusick\u2010Nathans Institute John Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Zareba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.3.1136"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1992.tb31008.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.22.2237"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"690","article-title":"Sex differences in the evolution of the electrocardiographic QT interval with age","author":"Rautaharju PM","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rautaharju PM, Zhou SH, Wong S, Calhoun HP, Berenson GS, Prineas R, Davignon A. 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Termination of ventricular tachycardia with antitachycardia pacing after ineffective shock therapy in an ICD recipient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2009;64\u201370.","journal-title":"Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1391"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002103420601"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90024-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.10.2929"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.016398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:51:01Z","timestamp":1715601061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.016398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.120.016398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.120.016398","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e016398"}}