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In addition, we investigated the potential role of microRNAs in smoking\u2010dependent endothelial cell damage.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A panel of endothelial\u2010related microRNAs was quantified in healthy subjects before and after smoking 1 tobacco cigarette. Serum levels of miR\u2010155 were found to be significantly increased shortly after smoking. We also observed a progressive and significant miR\u2010155 accumulation in culture media of human endothelial cells after 30\u00a0minutes and up to 4\u00a0hours of cigarette smoke condensate treatment in vitro without evidence of cell death, indicating that miR\u2010155 can be released by endothelial cells in response to smoking stress. Cigarette smoke condensate appeared to enhance oxidative stress and impair cell survival, angiogenesis, and NO metabolism in human endothelial cells. Notably, these effects were abrogated by miR\u2010155 inhibition. We also observed that miR\u2010155 inhibition rescued the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke condensate on endothelial\u2010mediated vascular relaxation and oxidative stress in isolated mouse mesenteric arteries. Finally, we found that exogenous miR\u2010155 overexpression mimics the effects of smoking stress by inducing the upregulation of inflammatory markers, impairing angiogenesis and reducing cell survival. These deleterious effects were associated with downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial NO synthetase.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our results suggest that miR\u2010155 dysregulation may contribute to the deleterious vascular effects of tobacco smoking.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.017000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T13:25:37Z","timestamp":1606915537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inhibition of miR\u2010155 Attenuates Detrimental Vascular Effects of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Frati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical\u2010Surgical Sciences and 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