{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:29:10Z","timestamp":1782275350708,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Measures of vascular dysfunction are related to adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in non\u2010Hispanic, White populations; however, data from Black individuals are limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between novel hemodynamic measures and prevalent CVD in a sample of Black individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Among older Black participants of the Jackson Heart Study, we assessed noninvasive vascular hemodynamic measures using arterial tonometry and Doppler ultrasound. We assessed 5 measures of aortic stiffness and wave reflection (carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity, pulse wave velocity ratio, forward pressure wave amplitude, central pulse pressure, and augmentation index), and 2 measures of microvascular function (baseline and hyperemic brachial flow velocity). Using multivariable logistic regression models, we examined the relations between vascular hemodynamic measures and prevalent CVD. In models adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, higher carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity (odds ratio [OR],1.25; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.55;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.04), lower augmentation index (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70\u20130.99;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.05), and lower hyperemic brachial flow velocity (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65\u20130.90;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001) were associated with higher odds of CVD. After further adjustment for hypertension treatment, lower augmentation index (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70\u20130.99;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.04) and hyperemic brachial flow velocity (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67\u20130.94;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006), but not carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99\u20131.051;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.06), were associated with higher odds of CVD.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In a sample of older Black individuals, more severe microvascular damage and aortic stiffness were associated with prevalent CVD. Further research on hemodynamic mechanisms that contribute to cardiovascular risk among older Black individuals is merited.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.017018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T09:00:22Z","timestamp":1599037222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical Associations of Vascular Stiffness, Microvascular Dysfunction, and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Cohort: The Jackson Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9764-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leroy L.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Vassar College Poughkeepsie NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon K.","family":"Musani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"},{"name":"Tougaloo College Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Vassar College Poughkeepsie NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Duke University Durham NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Cobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie W.","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University and NHLBI\u2019s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Division Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5733-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5504-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi M.","family":"Hamburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evans Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University and NHLBI\u2019s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA"},{"name":"Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramachandran S.","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evans Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Sections of Cardiology, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5643-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary F.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc Norwood MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ervin R.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194571"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.10503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2013.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2010.516075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20102016 update: a report from the American Heart Association","author":"Mozaffarian D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Despres JP, Fullerton HJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20102016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;e38\u2013360.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.667733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"411","article-title":"Establishing a foundation for cardiovascular disease research in an African\u2010American community\u2013the Jackson Heart Study","author":"Taylor HA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taylor HA Jr. Establishing a foundation for cardiovascular disease research in an African\u2010American community\u2013the Jackson Heart Study. Ethn Dis. 2003;411\u2013413.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"S6\u20101-3","article-title":"The Jackson Heart Study: an overview","author":"Taylor HA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor HA Jr. The Jackson Heart Study: an overview. Ethn Dis. 2005;S6\u20101-3.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90198-V"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.914507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.36.3.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.551168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000137305.77635.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.181495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10362831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009515","article-title":"Relations of microvascular function, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and aortic stiffness in blacks: the Jackson Heart Study","author":"Cooper LL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cooper LL, Musani SK, Washington F, Moore J, Tripathi A, Tsao CW, Hamburg NM, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF, et al. Relations of microvascular function, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and aortic stiffness in blacks: the Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;e009515. DOI: 10.1161\/JAHA.118.009515.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"S6\u201062-70","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease event classification in the Jackson Heart Study: methods and procedures","author":"Keku E","year":"2005","unstructured":"Keku E, Rosamond W, Taylor HA Jr, Garrison R, Wyatt SB, Richard M, Jenkins B, Reeves L, Sarpong D. Cardiovascular disease event classification in the Jackson Heart Study: methods and procedures. Ethn Dis. 2005;S6\u201062-70.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000128420.01881.aa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008431","article-title":"Clinical correlates of aortic stiffness and wave amplitude in black men and women in the community","author":"Tsao CW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsao CW, Washington F, Musani SK, Cooper LL, Tripathi A, Hamburg NM, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF, Fox ER. Clinical correlates of aortic stiffness and wave amplitude in black men and women in the community. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;e008431. DOI: 10.1161\/JAHA.117.008431.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2011.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328346a583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000224283.76347.8c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200104000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1076-7460.2006.05418.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0621-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002189","article-title":"Relation of central arterial stiffness to incident heart failure in the community","author":"Tsao CW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsao CW, Lyass A, Larson MG, Levy D, Hamburg NM, Vita JA, Benjamin EJ, Mitchell GF, Vasan RS. Relation of central arterial stiffness to incident heart failure in the community. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;e002189. DOI: 10.1161\/JAHA.115.002189.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.004979","article-title":"Microvascular function mediates relations between aortic stiffness and cardiovascular events","author":"Cooper LL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooper LL, Palmisano JN, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF. Microvascular function mediates relations between aortic stiffness and cardiovascular events. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;e004979. DOI: 10.1161\/CIRCI\u200bMAGING.116.004979.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005005","article-title":"Increased proximal aortic diameter is associated with risk of cardiovascular events and all\u2010cause mortality in blacks: the Jackson Heart Study","author":"Kamimura D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamimura D, Suzuki T, Musani SK, Hall ME, Samdarshi TE, Correa A, Fox ER. Increased proximal aortic diameter is associated with risk of cardiovascular events and all\u2010cause mortality in blacks: the Jackson Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;e005005. DOI: 10.1161\/JAHA.116.005005.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.953653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90549.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014050450"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014606","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600646400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.017018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:47:35Z","timestamp":1715600855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.017018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.120.017018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.120.017018","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014606","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e017018"}}