{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:19:03Z","timestamp":1794050343639,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The prognostic importance of abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) viewed on noninvasive imaging modalities remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE and Embase) until March 2018. Multiple reviewers identified prospective studies reporting AAC and incident cardiovascular events or all\u2010cause mortality. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility and risk of bias and extracted data. Summary risk ratios (RRs) were estimated using random\u2010effects models comparing the higher AAC groups combined (any or more advanced AAC) to the lowest reported AAC group. We identified 52 studies (46 cohorts, 36\u00a0092 participants); only studies of patients with chronic kidney disease (57%) and the general older\u2010elderly (median, 68\u00a0years; range, 60\u201380\u00a0years) populations (26%) had sufficient data to meta\u2010analyze. People with any or more advanced AAC had higher risk of cardiovascular events (RR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.40\u20132.39), fatal cardiovascular events (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.44\u20132.39), and all\u2010cause mortality (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.55\u20132.53). Patients with chronic kidney disease with any or more advanced AAC had a higher risk of cardiovascular events (RR, 3.47; 95% CI, 2.21\u20135.45), fatal cardiovascular events (RR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.32\u20135.84), and all\u2010cause mortality (RR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.95\u20132.97).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Higher\u2010risk populations, such as the elderly and those with chronic kidney disease with AAC have substantially greater risk of future cardiovascular events and poorer prognosis. Providing information on AAC may help clinicians understand and manage patients' cardiovascular risk better.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.017205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1610571668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Prognostic Value of Abdominal Aortic Calcification: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0674-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Leow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health Children\u2019s Hospital at WestmeadThe University of Sydney New South Wales 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