{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T04:27:03Z","timestamp":1787891223595,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Although Black adults are more likely to die from coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with White adults, few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and CHD risk among Black adults. We evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking, incident CHD, and coronary artery calcification in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We classified JHS participants without a history of CHD (n=4432) by self\u2010reported baseline smoking status into current, former (smoked at least 400 cigarettes\/life) or never smokers at baseline (2000\u20132004). We further classified current smokers by smoking intensity (number of cigarettes smoked per day [1\u201319 or \u226520]) and followed for incident CHD (through 2016). Hazard ratios (HR) for incident CHD for each smoking group compared with never smokers were estimated with adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models. At baseline, there were 548 (12.4%) current, 782 (17.6%) former, and 3102 (70%) never smokers. During follow\u2010up (median, 13.8\u00a0years), 254 participants developed CHD. After risk factor adjustment, CHD risk was significantly higher in current smokers compared with never smokers (HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.39\u20133.18); the difference between former smokers and never smokers (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.0\u20131.90) did not achieve statistical significance. Among current smokers, we did not observe a dose\u2010response effect for CHD risk. Additionally, in multivariable logistic regression models with a subset of our analytic cohort, current smokers had greater odds of coronary artery calcification score &gt;0 compared with never smokers (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.88\u20133.68).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In a large prospective cohort of Black adults, current smoking was associated with a &gt;2\u2010fold increased risk of CHD over a median follow\u2010up of greater than a decade.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.017320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T15:00:14Z","timestamp":1616511614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cigarette Smoking, Incident Coronary Heart Disease, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3505-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adebamike A.","family":"Oshunbade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wondwosen","family":"Kassahun\u2010Yimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arsalan","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson 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B.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tougaloo College Jackson MS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"DeFilippis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Louisville KY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston 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