{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:42:22Z","timestamp":1772628142953,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Delayed cerebral ischemia remains a common and profound risk factor for poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of our current study is to define the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in isoflurane conditioning\u2010induced neurovascular protection after SAH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Ten\u2010 to 14\u2010week\u2010old male wild\u2010type mice (C57BL\/6) as controls and eNOS knockout male mice (strain # 002684) were obtained for the study. Animals underwent either sham surgery, SAH surgery, or SAH with isoflurane conditioning. Anesthetic post conditioning was performed with isoflurane 2% for 1\u00a0hour, 1\u00a0hour after SAH. Normothermia was maintained with the homeothermic blanket. In a separate cohort, nitric oxide synthase was inhibited by a pan nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L\u2010nitroarginine methyl ester. Vasospasm measurement was assessed 72\u00a0hours after SAH and neurological function was assessed daily. Isoflurane\u2010induced changes in the eNOS protein expression were measured. eNOS protein expression was significantly increased by isoflurane conditioning in na\u00efve mice as well as mice subjected to SAH. Vasospasm of the middle cerebral artery and neurological deficits were evident following SAH versus sham surgery, both in wild\u2010type mice and eNOS knockout mice. Isoflurane conditioning attenuated vasospasm and neurological deficits in wild\u2010type mice. This delayed cerebral ischemia protection was lost in L\u2010nitroarginine methyl ester \u2010administered mice and eNOS knockout mice.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our data indicate isoflurane conditioning provides robust protection against SAH\u2010induced vasospasm and neurological deficits, and that this delayed cerebral ischemia protection is critically mediated via isoflurane\u2010induced augmentation of eNOS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.017477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T09:02:50Z","timestamp":1602147770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Isoflurane Conditioning\u2010Induced Neurovascular Protection in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-0607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umeshkumar","family":"Athiraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Washington University St. Louis MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keshav","family":"Jayaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological surgery Washington University St. Louis MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meizi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Washington University St. Louis MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tusar","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Washington University St. Louis MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological surgery Washington University St. Louis MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Zipfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological surgery Washington University St. Louis MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-013-0316-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1927"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.607200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181c4a607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09070-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000038986.68044.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000190021.85035.5b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000287213.98020.b6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460408.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.60"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.017477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:55:41Z","timestamp":1715601341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.017477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.120.017477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.120.017477","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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