{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:23:25Z","timestamp":1780579405246,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The aim of this study was to investigate whether increased severity of coronary artery calcium (CAC), an imaging biomarker of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, is associated with worse cognitive function independent of cardiovascular risk factors in a large population\u2010based Dutch cohort with broad age range.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A cross\u2010sectional analysis was performed in 4988 ImaLife participants (aged 45\u201391\u00a0years, 58.3% women) without history of cardiovascular disease. CAC scores were obtained using nonenhanced cardiac computed tomography scanning. The CogState Brief Battery was used to assess 4 cognitive domains: processing speed, attention, working memory, and visual learning based on detection task, identification task, 1\u2010back task, and 1\u2010card\u2010learning task, respectively. Differences in mean scores of each cognitive domain were compared among 4 CAC categories (0, 1\u201399, 100\u2013399, \u2265400) using analysis of covariates to adjust for classical cardiovascular risk factors. Age\u2010stratified analysis (45\u201354, 55\u201364, and \u226565\u00a0years) was performed to assess whether the association of CAC severity with cognitive function differed by age. Overall, higher CAC was associated with worse performance on 1\u2010back task after adjusting for classical cardiovascular risk factors, but CAC was not associated with the other cognitive tasks. Age\u2010stratified analyses revealed that the association of CAC severity with working memory persisted in participants aged 45 to 54\u00a0years, while in the elderly this association lost significance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In this Dutch population of \u226545\u00a0years, increased CAC severity was associated with worse performance of working memory, independent of classical cardiovascular risk factors. The inverse relationship of CAC score categories with working memory was strongest in participants aged 45 to 54\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.018172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T12:28:24Z","timestamp":1612268904000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Coronary Artery Calcium and Cognitive Function in Dutch Adults: Cross\u2010Sectional Results of the Population\u2010Based ImaLife Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Congying","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Vonder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigory","family":"Sidorenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runlei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Oudkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2713-686X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim","family":"van der Harst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Utrecht Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2228-2964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Paul","family":"De Deyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Alzheimer Center Groningen University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7262-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozemarijn","family":"Vliegenthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01124-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.05.1758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.579581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.52928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00519-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acp010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000264823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-017-0185-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Unesco M . 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