{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1790316310712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is associated with higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it remains unknown whether treatment of RLS lowers the cardiovascular risk associated with RLS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              All data were collected retrospectively, but subjects were prospectively followed forward in time to determine outcomes of interest. We used the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2014. Participants were 169\u00a0393 individuals, which included 24\u00a0199 nonpregnant participants with an RLS diagnosis (16\u00a0694 receiving treatments for RLS and 7505 without treatment) during 2006 to 2008 and 145\u00a0194 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched participants without RLS. All participants were free of CVD before January 1, 2009 (analysis baseline). Incident CVD cases (myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure) were identified. We adjusted for potential confounders, such as presence of chronic conditions and medication use. We identified 16\u00a0574 incident CVD cases during 2009 to 2014. Relative to the non\u2010RLS group, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for future CVD was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.20\u20131.32) (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) for the RLS with treatment group, and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.42\u20131.65) (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) for the RLS without treatment group. Significant lower CVD risk was observed for all different RLS treatments, including dopaminergics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and opiates (adjusted HRs range, 0.71\u20100.84;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001 for all), except for ergot\u2010dopamine use.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">RLS was associated with higher future CVD risk. However, RLS was associated with statistically significantly less future cardiovascular risk in RLS patients with treatment than in those without treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.018674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T22:38:37Z","timestamp":1612823917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Treating Restless Legs Syndrome Was Associated With Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study With 3.4\u00a0Years of Follow\u2010Up"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences Penn State University University Park PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djibril M.","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Hershey PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanika","family":"Bagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Penn State College of Medicine Hershey PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoran","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences Penn State University University Park PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5143-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur S.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30311-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.11.1286"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-015-0390-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0b013e32835b5a39"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5966"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12335"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.112698"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004814"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12040"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12848"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318297eee0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22303"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","unstructured":"Truven Health Analytics part of the IBM Watson Health business. The Truven Health MarketScan databases for health services researchers. Available at: https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/downloads\/cas\/6KNYVVQ2. Accessed February 1 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0179-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20201"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.9966"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0606-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5753"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.6.1497"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.12.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02370.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2412"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078359"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw080"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.575"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Periodic movements of the legs during sleep associated with rises in systemic blood pressure","volume":"14","author":"Ali NJ","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ali NJ, Davies RJ, Fleetham JA, Stradling JR. Periodic movements of the legs during sleep associated with rises in systemic blood pressure. Sleep. 1991;14:163\u2013165.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259036.89411.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002649"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.5.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7065-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.018674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:01:16Z","timestamp":1715598076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.018674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.120.018674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.120.018674","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e018674"}}