{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:14:06Z","timestamp":1792613646518,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Impairments in fetal oxygen delivery have been implicated in brain dysmaturation seen in congenital heart disease (CHD), suggesting a role for in utero transplacental oxygen therapy. We applied a novel imaging tool to quantify fetal cerebral oxygenation by measuring T2* decay. We compared T2* in fetuses with CHD with controls with a focus on cardiovascular physiologies (transposition or left\u2010sided obstruction) and described the effect of brief administration of maternal hyperoxia on T2* decay.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              This is a prospective study performed on pregnant mothers with a prenatal diagnosis of CHD compared with controls in the third trimester. Participants underwent a fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging scan including a T2* sequence before and after maternal hyperoxia. Comparisons were made between control and CHD fetuses including subgroup analyses by cardiac physiology. Forty\u2010four mothers (CHD=24, control=20) participated. Fetuses with CHD had lower total brain volume (238.2\u00a0mm\n              <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n              , 95% CI, 224.6\u2013251.9) compared with controls (262.4\u00a0mm\n              <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n              , 95% CI, 245.0\u2013279.8,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.04). T2* decay time was faster in CHD compared with controls (beta=\u221214.4, 95% CI, \u221223.3 to \u22125.6,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002). The magnitude of change in T2* with maternal hyperoxia was higher in fetuses with transposition compared with controls (increase of 8.4\u00a0ms, 95% CI, 0.5\u201314.3,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01), though between\u2010subject variability was noted.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cerebral tissue oxygenation is lower in fetuses with complex CHD. There was variability in the response to maternal hyperoxia by CHD subgroup that can be tested in future larger studies. Cardiovascular physiology is critical when designing neuroprotective clinical trials in the fetus with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.018777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T10:06:06Z","timestamp":1608545166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Fetal Cerebral Oxygenation Is Impaired in Congenital Heart Disease and Shows Variable Response to Maternal Hyperoxia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1379-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnam","family":"Peyvandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitnee","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3822-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Moon\u2010Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Cardiology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. James","family":"Barkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8837-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"McQuillen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067393"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.865568"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.12.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90292-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.3.257"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.295095041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.295095034"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2007.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27972"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26471"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.006459"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2013.32.6.1067"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.848432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.18919"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal cerebral vascular response to maternal hyperoxia in congenital heart disease: effects of cardiac physiology","author":"Hogan WJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hogan WJ, Moon\u2010Grady AJ, Zhao Y, Cresalia NM, Nawaytou H, Quezada E, Brook MM, McQuillen P, Peyvandi S. 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