{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:49:23Z","timestamp":1785149363473,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Significant associations have been reported between serum total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) in some prospective cohort studies. Little is known about whether individual or subclasses (saturated, polyunsaturated [n\u20106 and n\u20103], and\n              <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n              fatty acids) of serum NEFAs relate to CHD mortality and nonfatal MI.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) participants (N=1681) who had no history of MI, angina, or revascularization or were free of MI at baseline (1996\u20131997) were included. NEFAs were quantified using gas chromatography. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate associations of 5 subclasses and individual NEFAs with CHD composite (CHD mortality and nonfatal MI), CHD mortality, and incident nonfatal MI. During a median follow\u2010up of 11.7\u00a0years, 266 cases of CHD death and 271 cases of nonfatal MI occurred. In the fully adjusted model, no significant associations were identified between individual NEFA and CHD composite. Exploratory analyses indicated that lauric acid (12:0) was negatively associated (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59\u20130.98;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0328) and dihomo\u2010\u03b3\u2010linolenic acid (20:3n\u20106) was positively associated with CHD mortality (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.02\u20131.76;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0351). Elaidic acid (18:1n\u20107\n              <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n              ) was positively associated with incident nonfatal MI (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.01\u20132.12;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0445). No significant associations were observed for NEFA subclass and any outcomes.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In CHS participants, 2 NEFAs, dihomo\u2010\u03b3\u2010linolenic and elaidic acids, were positively associated with CHD mortality and nonfatal MI, respectively, suggesting potential susceptibility biomarkers for risks of CHD mortality and nonfatal MI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.019135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T10:16:36Z","timestamp":1615198596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Associations of Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids With Coronary Heart Disease Mortality and Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction: The CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-7018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil K.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8299-4974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"B\u016f\u017ekov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington Seattle WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7037-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirupa R.","family":"Matthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9902-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Djouss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aging Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6516-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calvin H.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine University of California at Davis CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge R.","family":"Kizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Section San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System San Francisco CA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"W. 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