{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:34:40Z","timestamp":1773282880059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The \u201cno\u2010reflow phenomenon\u201d compromises percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes. There is an unmet need for a device that prevents no\u2010reflow phenomenon. Our goal was to develop a guidewire platform comprising a nondisruptive hydrophilic coating that allows continuous delivery of adenosine throughout a percutaneous coronary intervention.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We developed a guidewire with spaced coils to increase surface area for drug loading. Guidewires were plasma treated to attach hydroxyl groups to metal surfaces, and a methoxy\u2013polyethylene glycol\u2013silanol primer layer was covalently linked to hydroxyl groups. Using polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyvinyl acetate, a drug layer containing jet\u2010milled adenosine was hydrogen\u2010bonded to the polyethylene glycol\u2013silanol layer and coated with an outer diffusive barrier layer. Coatings were processed with a freeze\/thaw curing method. In vitro release studies were conducted followed by in vivo evaluation in pigs. Coating quality, performance, and stability with sterilization were also evaluated. Antiplatelet properties of the guidewire were also determined. Elution studies with adenosine\u2010containing guidewires showed curvilinear and complete release of adenosine over 60\u00a0minutes. Porcine studies demonstrated that upon insertion into a coronary artery, adenosine\u2010releasing guidewires induced immediate and robust increases (2.6\u2010fold) in coronary blood flow velocity, which were sustained for \u224830\u00a0minutes without systemic hemodynamic effects or arrhythmias. Adenosine\u2010loaded wires prevented and reversed coronary vasoconstriction induced by acetylcholine. The wires significantly inhibited platelet aggregation by &gt;80% in vitro. Guidewires passed bench testing for lubricity, adherence, integrity, and tracking.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our novel drug\u2010releasing guidewire platform represents a unique approach to prevent\/treat no\u2010reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.019275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T10:10:30Z","timestamp":1611655830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Novel Guidewire Design and Coating for Continuous Delivery of Adenosine During Interventional Procedures"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mervyn B.","family":"Forman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Associates of Sandy Springs Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik C.","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Menshikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Lowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Rowan University Glassboro NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin K.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12113-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20183"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2006.00116.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.06.1194"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet176"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.109.904037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2008.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2009.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405707"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","first-page":"439","article-title":"Treating acute \u201cno\u2010reflow\u201d with intracoronary adenosine in 4 patients during percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"35","author":"Forman MB","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forman MB, Hou D, Jackson EK. 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