{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:33:38Z","timestamp":1792262018941,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Men and women are labeled as obese on the basis of a body mass index (BMI) using the same criterion despite known differences in their fat distributions. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), as measured by computed tomography, are advanced measures of obesity that closely correlate with cardiometabolic risk independent of BMI. However, it remains unknown whether prognostic significance of anthropometric measures of adiposity versus VAT varies in men versus women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In 3482 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) participants (48.1% women; mean age, 50.8\u00b110.3\u00a0years), we tested the associations of computed tomography\u2013based versus anthropometric measures of fat with cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Mean follow\u2010up was 12.7\u00b12.1\u00a0years. In men, VAT, as compared with BMI, had a similar strength of association with incident cardiometabolic risk factors (eg, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.36 [95% CI, 1.84\u20133.04] versus 2.66 [95% CI, 2.04\u20133.47] for diabetes mellitus) and CVD events (eg, adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.32 [95% CI, 0.97\u20131.80] versus 1.74 [95% CI, 1.14\u20132.65] for CVD death). In women, however, VAT, when compared with BMI, conferred a markedly greater association with incident cardiometabolic risk factors (eg, adjusted OR, 4.51 [95% CI, 3.13\u20136.50] versus 2.33 [95% CI, 1.88\u20133.04] for diabetes mellitus) as well as CVD events (eg, adjusted HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.26\u20132.71] versus 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01\u20131.40] for CVD death).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Anthropometric measures of obesity, including waist circumference and BMI, adequately capture VAT\u2010associated cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk in men but not in women. In women, abdominal computed tomography\u2013based VAT measures permit more precise assessment of obesity\u2010associated cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.019968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T05:16:44Z","timestamp":1621055804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Sex Differences in the Associations of Visceral Adipose Tissue and Cardiometabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The Framingham Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7632-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas A.","family":"Kammerlander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asya","family":"Lyass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Boston University Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor F.","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle T.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology Evans Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7357-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramachandran S.","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Boston Medical CenterBoston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"},{"name":"The Boston University and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2019s Framingham Heart Study Framingham MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1909301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290450033020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30074-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910073411501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Report of a WHO expert committee","volume":"854","author":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry","year":"1995","unstructured":"Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry . 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