{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:15:36Z","timestamp":1789132536935,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Data comparing the frequency and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter (TAVR) to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are scarce. The objective of this study is to compare the incidence and outcomes of IE after TAVR using a supra\u2010annular, self\u2010expanding platform (CoreValve and Evolut) to SAVR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Data of 3 randomized clinical trials comparing TAVR to SAVR and a prospective continued TAVR access study were pooled. IE was defined on the basis of the modified Duke criteria. The cumulative incidence of IE was determined by modeling the cause\u2010specific hazard. Estimates of all\u2010cause mortality were calculated by means of the Kaplan\u2013Meier method. Outcomes are reported for the valve\u2010implant cohort. During a mean follow\u2010up time of 2.17\u00b11.51\u00a0years, 12 (0.5%) of 2249 patients undergoing TAVR and 21 (1.1%) of 1828 patients undergoing SAVR developed IE. Patients with IE more frequently had diabetes mellitus than those without (57.6% versus 34.2%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.005). The cumulative incidence of IE was 1.01% (95% CI, 0.47%\u20131.96%) after TAVR and 1.58% (95% CI, 0.97%\u20132.46%) after SAVR (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.047) at 5\u00a0years. Among patients with IE, the rate of all\u2010cause mortality was 27.3% (95% CI, 1.0%\u201353.6%) in the TAVR and 51.8% (95% CI, 28.2%\u201375.3%) in the SAVR group at 1\u00a0year (log\u2010rank\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.15).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Pooled prospectively collected data comparing TAVR with a supra\u2010annular, self\u2010expanding device to SAVR showed a low cumulative risk of IE irrespective of treatment modality, although the risk was lower in the TAVR implant group. Once IE occurred, mortality was high.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifiers: NCT01240902, NCT01586910, NCT02701283.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.020368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T05:09:50Z","timestamp":1632805790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Incidence and Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5035-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Lanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology InselspitalBern University Hospital Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Reardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8721-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pilgrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology InselspitalBern University Hospital Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5076-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Stortecky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology InselspitalBern University Hospital Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Michael","family":"Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Chetcuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Yakubov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riverside Methodist Hospital Columbus OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5858-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Gleason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital &amp; Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Medtronic, plc Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-6762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Windecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology InselspitalBern University Hospital Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1313875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1400590"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1814052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.007938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-19-00247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014089"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01747-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.12.1354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.05.016"}],"container-title":["Journal 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