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We further discussed the shared biological pathways that cause MVP in these syndromes, as well as how MVP in turn causes a diverse array of cardiac and noncardiac complications. We found 105 studies that identified patients with mitral valve anomalies within 18 different genetic, developmental, and connective tissue diseases. We show that some disorders previously believed to have an increased prevalence of MVP, including osteogenesis imperfecta, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, have few to no studies that use up\u2010to\u2010date diagnostic criteria for the disease and therefore may be overestimating the prevalence of MVP within the syndrome. Additionally, we highlight that in contrast to early studies describing MVP as a benign entity, the clinical course experienced by patients can be heterogeneous and may cause significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Currently only surgical correction of MVP is curative, but it is reserved for severe cases in which irreversible complications of MVP may already be established; therefore, a review of clinical guidelines to allow for earlier surgical intervention may be warranted to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with MVP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.020919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T09:22:45Z","timestamp":1624353765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Mitral Valve Prolapse and Its Motley Crew\u2010Syndromic Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Progression of a Common Heart Condition"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2168-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan E.","family":"Morningstar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annah","family":"Nieman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8462-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell A.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907013410101"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099489"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006702"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-199503000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02161-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312932"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90955-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000028933.34260.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043391"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.03.086"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312420"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960110608"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-111-4-305"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"The significance of late systolic murmurs and mid\u2010late systolic clicks","volume":"12","author":"Barlow JB","year":"1963","unstructured":"Barlow JB, Pocock WA. 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