{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:02:26Z","timestamp":1790737346868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We examined the association of long\u2010term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with incident heart failure (HF).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods And Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Using data on female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort (aged &gt;44\u00a0years), we investigated associations between 3\u2010year mean exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise and incident HF using Cox regression models, adjusting for relevant confounders. Incidence of HF was defined as the first hospital contact (inpatient, outpatient, or emergency) between cohort baseline (1993 or 1999) and December 31, 2014, based on the Danish National Patient Register. Annual mean levels of particulate matter with a diameter &lt;2.5\u00a0\u00b5m since 1990 and NO\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              and road traffic noise since 1970 were estimated at participants' residences. Of the 22\u00a0189 nurses, 484 developed HF. We detected associations with all 3 pollutants, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.01\u20131.36), 1.10 (95% CI, 0.99\u20131.22), and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.99\u20131.26) per increase of 5.1\u00a0\u00b5g\/m\n              <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n              in particulate matter with a diameter &lt;2.5\u00a0\u00b5m, 8.6\u00a0\u00b5g\/m\n              <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n              in NO\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              , and 9.3\u00a0dB in road traffic noise, respectively. We observed an enhanced risk of HF incidence for those exposed to high levels of the 3 pollutants; however, the effect modification of coexposure was not statistically significant. Former smokers and nurses with hypertension showed the strongest associations with particulate matter with a diameter &lt;2.5\u00a0\u00b5m (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>effect modification<\/jats:sub>\n              &lt;0.05).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We found that long\u2010term exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise were independently associated with HF.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.021436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T11:00:03Z","timestamp":1633518003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Long\u2010Term Exposure to Air Pollution, Road Traffic Noise, and Heart Failure Incidence: The Danish Nurse Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1290-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youn\u2010Hee","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanette T.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6827-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Cole\u2010Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research University of Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar J.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Epidemiology Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4825-1322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heresh","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9183-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira V.","family":"Br\u00e4uner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013RigshospitaletUniversity of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi G. J.","family":"Westendorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laust H.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics Denmark Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Epidemiology Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Centre for Health and SocietyMedical FacultyHeinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University of D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Loft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-1935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Ketzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark"},{"name":"Global Centre for Clean Air Research University of Surrey United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0972-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Hertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark"},{"name":"iClimate\u2013Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Center for Climate Change Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5923-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steen Solvang","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4769-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus","family":"Backalarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FORCE Technology H\u00f8rsholm Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette K.","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diakonissestiftelsen Frederiksberg Denmark"},{"name":"The Parker InstituteCopenhagen University HospitalBispebjerg and Frederiksberg Frederiksberg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebojsa","family":"Tasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matija","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases \u201cDedinje\u201d Belgrade Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4138-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zorana J.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Environmental Health Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2016:25:2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu458"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070444"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.12.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60898-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318276ccb8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy194"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"849","article-title":"Traffic pollution and the incidence of cardiorespiratory outcomes in an adult cohort in London","volume":"73","author":"Carey I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carey I, Anderson H, Atkinson R, Beevers S, Cook D, Dajnak D, Gulliver J, Kelly F. Traffic pollution and the incidence of cardiorespiratory outcomes in an adult cohort in London. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73:849\u2013856. doi: 10.1136\/oemed\u20102015\u2010103531","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP3047"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007170"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1272"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.05.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.042358"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5809"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr042"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Positive predictive value and impact of misdiagnosis of a heart failure diagnosis in administrative registers among patients admitted to a University Hospital cardiac care unit","volume":"2","author":"Mard S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mard S, Nielsen FE. Positive predictive value and impact of misdiagnosis of a heart failure diagnosis in administrative registers among patients admitted to a University Hospital cardiac care unit. Clin Epidemiol. 2010;2:235\u2013239. doi: 10.2147\/CLEP.S12457","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","unstructured":"DELTA . Nordic Environmental Noise Prediction Methods Nord2000: Summary Report. Force Technology. Published December 31 2021. Accessed January 28 2020. https:\/\/forcetechnology.com\/\u2010\/media\/force\u2010technology\u2010media\/pdf\u2010files\/projects\/nord2000\/nordic\u2010environmental\u2010noise\u2010prediction\u2010methods\u2010nord2000\u2010summary\u2010report\u2010\u2010\u2010prediction\u2010methods.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr218"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5347"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5818"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105983"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16152697"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00606-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90405-R"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.021436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T10:58:06Z","timestamp":1715597886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.021436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.121.021436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.021436","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e021436"}}