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Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of AF nationally and internationally, the AF field needs transformative research and a commitment to evidenced\u2010based secondary prevention strategies. We report on a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute virtual workshop directed at identifying knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the secondary prevention of AF. Once AF has been detected, lifestyle changes and novel models of care delivery may contribute to the prevention of AF recurrence, AF progression, and AF\u2010related complications. Although benefits seen in small subgroups, cohort studies, and selected randomized trials are impressive, the widespread effectiveness of AF secondary prevention strategies remains unknown, calling for development of scalable interventions suitable for diverse populations and for identification of subpopulations who may particularly benefit from intensive management. We identified critical research questions for 6 topics relevant to the secondary prevention of AF: (1) weight loss; (2) alcohol intake, smoking cessation, and diet; (3) cardiac rehabilitation; (4) approaches to sleep disorders; (5) integrated, team\u2010based care; and (6) nonanticoagulant pharmacotherapy. Our goal is to stimulate innovative research that will accelerate the generation of the evidence to effectively pursue the secondary prevention of AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.021566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T21:00:08Z","timestamp":1628197208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Research Priorities in the Secondary Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Virtual Workshop Report"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3561-0146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana M.","family":"Al\u2010Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology and Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1073-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice","family":"Desvigne\u2010Nickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health Bethesda MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2225-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9902-3047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Djouss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Aging Department of Medicine Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5697-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Geriatrics and Cardiology University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterAging InstituteUniversity of PittsburghVA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9591-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AlbertaUniversity of Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4326-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen M. 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