{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1791537711251,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) represent atherosclerosis in different vascular beds. We used detailed metabolic biomarker profiling to identify common and discordant biomarkers and clarify pathophysiological differences for these vascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We used 5 prospective cohorts from Finnish population (FINRISK 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012, and Health 2000; n=31\u00a0657; median follow\u2010up time of 14\u00a0years) to estimate associations between &gt;200 metabolic biomarkers and incident PAD and CAD. Metabolic biomarkers were measured with nuclear magnetic resonance, and disease events were obtained from nationwide hospital records. During the follow\u2010up, 498 incident PAD and 2073 incident CAD events occurred. In age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted Cox models, apolipoproteins and cholesterol measures were robustly associated with incident CAD (eg, hazard ratio [HR] per SD for higher apolipoprotein B\/A\u20101 ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.25\u20131.36), but not with incident PAD (HR per SD for higher apolipoprotein B\/A\u20101 ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95\u20131.14;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001). In contrast, triglyceride levels in low\u2010density lipoprotein and high\u2010density lipoprotein were associated with both end points (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\n                      &gt;0.05). Lower proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids relative to total fatty acids, and higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids, glycolysis\u2010related metabolites, and inflammatory protein markers were strongly associated with incident PAD, and many of these associations were stronger for PAD than for CAD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>heterogeneity<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.001). Most differences in metabolic profiles for PAD and CAD remained when adjusting for traditional risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The metabolic biomarker profile for future PAD risk is distinct from that of CAD. This may represent pathophysiological differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.021995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T14:27:17Z","timestamp":1638282437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Metabolic Biomarker Discovery for Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease Compared With Coronary Artery Disease: Lipoprotein and Metabolite Profiling of 31 657 Individuals From 5 Prospective Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Emmi","family":"Tikkanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nightingale Health Plc Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilma","family":"J\u00e4gerroos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nightingale Health Plc Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit University of Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute for Health ResearchOxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospital Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Ala\u2010Korpela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu Oulu Finland"},{"name":"NMR Metabolomics Laboratory School of Pharmacy University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Jousilahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamari","family":"Lundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4842-1667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Perola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7563-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veikko","family":"Salomaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5832-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"W\u00fcrtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nightingale Health Plc Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1194"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036347"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0492-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013116"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz235"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HCG.0000000000000032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001765"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.263798"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx239"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000239466.26132.f2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812456637"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00149831-200504000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.312021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05001-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0157-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.78"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","first-page":"A1021","article-title":"Abstract 10212: fasting samples are not required for NMR metabolic profiling studies of cardiovascular disease risk: prospective data for 4,400 individuals profiled few weeks apart","volume":"140","author":"Tikkanen E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tikkanen E, Kanerva N, Aittomaki V, M\u00e4nnist\u00f6 S, Salomaa VV, W\u00fcrtz P. Abstract 10212: fasting samples are not required for NMR metabolic profiling studies of cardiovascular disease risk: prospective data for 4,400 individuals profiled few weeks apart. Circulation. 2019;140:A1021.","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.021995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T21:09:13Z","timestamp":1724274553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.021995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.121.021995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.021995","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.07.24.20158675","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e021995"}}