{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:09:45Z","timestamp":1790881785289,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Infective endocarditis (IE) after pulmonary valve replacements in congenital heart disease is a significant concern. This study aimed to identify specific long\u2010term risk factors for IE after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation or surgical pulmonary valve replacement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      All patients with congenital heart disease from the National Register for Congenital Heart Defects with at least 1 pulmonary valve replacement before January 2018 were included. A total of 1170 patients (56.3% men, median age at study inclusion 12 [interquartile range {Q1\u2013Q3} 5\u201320\u00a0years]) received 1598 pulmonary valve replacements. IE occurred in 4.8% of patients during a follow\u2010up of total 9397\u00a0patient\u2010years (median 10 [Q1\u2013Q3, 6\u201310] years per patient). After homograft implantation 7 of 558 (1.3%) patients developed IE, after heterograft implantation 31 of 723 (4.3%) patients, and after Melody valve implantation 18 of 241 (7.5%) patients. Edwards Sapien and mechanical valves were used less frequently and remained without IE. The incidence of IE in heterografts excluding Contegra valves was 7 of 278 (2.5%), whereas the incidence of IE in Contegra valves was 24 of 445 (5.4%). The risk of IE was not increased compared with homografts if Contegra valves were excluded from the heterografts (hazard ratio [HR], 2.60;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.075). The risk of IE was increased for bovine jugular vein valves, Contegra valves (HR, 6.72;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), and Melody valves (HR, 5.49;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), but did not differ between Melody valves and Contegra valves (HR, 1.01;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.978).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Bovine jugular vein valves have the highest risk of IE, irrespective of the mode of deployment, either surgical or percutaneous.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.022231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T05:34:38Z","timestamp":1645162478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Nationwide Registry\u2010Based Analysis of Infective Endocarditis Risk After Pulmonary Valve Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8615-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Stammnitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects National Register for Congenital Heart Defects Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9070-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00f6rte","family":"Huscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike M. M.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects National Register for Congenital Heart Defects Berlin Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects National Register for Congenital Heart Defects Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Nordmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Disease \u2010 Pediatric Cardiology German Heart Center Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Disease \u2010 Pediatric Cardiology German Heart Center Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Center for Congenital Heart Disease\/Pediatric Cardiology Heart\u2010 and Diabetes Center NRW University Clinic of Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bad Oeynhausen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Photiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Surgery \u2010 Pediatric Heart Surgery German Heart Center Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7881-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Congenital Heart Disease \u2010 Pediatric Cardiology German Heart Center Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5925-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Klaassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation between the Max\u2010Delbr\u00fcck\u2010Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the German Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects 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