{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:32:43Z","timestamp":1788366763072,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) are considered at high risk of infective endocarditis (IE) as a result of altered hemodynamics and multiple invasive procedures, including pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Data on the long\u2010term risk of IE are sparse.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In this observational cohort study, all patients with ToF born from 1977 to 2018 were identified using Danish nationwide registries and followed from date of birth until occurrence of first\u2010time IE, emigration, death, or end of study (December 31, 2018). The comparative risk of IE among patients with ToF versus age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls from the background population was assessed. Because of rules on anonymity, exact numbers cannot be reported if the number of patients is &lt;4. A total of 1164 patients with ToF were identified and matched with 4656 controls. Among patients with ToF, 851 (73.1%) underwent early surgical intracardiac repair and 276 (23.7%) underwent PVR during follow\u2010up. During a median follow\u2010up of 20.3\u00a0years, 41 (3.5%) patients with ToF (comprising 24 [8.7%] with PVR and 17 [1.9%] without PVR) and &lt;4 (&lt;0.8%) controls were admitted with IE. The incidence rates of IE per 10\u00a0000 person\u2010years were 22.4 (95% CI, 16.5\u201330.4) and 0.1 (95% CI, 0.01\u20130.7) among patients and controls, respectively. Moreover, PVR was associated with a further increased incidence of IE among patients with ToF (incidence rates per 10\u00a0000 person\u2010years with and without PVR were 46.7 [95% CI, 25.1\u201386.6] and 2.8 [95% CI 2.0\u20134.0], respectively).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Patients with ToF are associated with a substantially higher incidence of IE than the background population. In particular, PVR was associated with an increased incidence of IE. With an increasing life expectancy of these patients, intensified awareness, preventive measures, and surveillance of this patient group are decisive.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.022445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T09:23:11Z","timestamp":1635931391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Incidence of Infective Endocarditis Among Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Havers\u2010Borgersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7380-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawad 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