{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:46:16Z","timestamp":1789677976073,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">While both renin\u2010dependent and renin\u2010independent aldosterone secretion contribute to aldosteronism, their relative associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 2909 participants from the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) with baseline, serum aldosterone concentration, and plasma renin concentration who attended the sixth examination cycle and were followed up until 2014 and who were free of CVD were included. We further recruited 2612 hypertensive participants from the CONPASS (Chongqing Primary Aldosteronism Study). Captopril challenge test was performed to confirm renin\u2010dependent or \u2010independent aldosteronism in CONPASS. Among 1433 hypertensive subjects of FOS, when compared with those with serum aldosterone concentration &lt;10\u00a0ng\u00a0dL\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              (normal aldosterone), participants who had serum aldosterone concentration \u226510\u00a0ng\u00a0dL\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              and plasma renin concentration \u226415\u00a0mIU\u00a0L\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              (identified as renin\u2010independent aldosteronism) showed a higher risk of CVD (hazard ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.08\u20131.82]), while those who had serum aldosterone concentration \u226510\u00a0ng\u00a0dL\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              and plasma renin concentration &gt;15\u00a0mIU\u00a0L\n              <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n              (identified as renin\u2010dependent aldosteronism) showed an unchanged CVD risk. In CONPASS, renin\u2010independent aldosteronism carried a significantly higher risk of CVD than normal aldosterone (odds ratio, 2.57 [95% CI, 1.13\u20135.86]), while the CVD risk remained unchanged in renin\u2010dependent aldosteronism. Elevation of the urinary potassium\u2010to\u2010sodium excretion ratio, reflective of mineralocorticoid receptor activity, was only observed in participants with renin\u2010independent aldosteronism.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Among patients with hypertension, renin\u2010independent aldosteronism is more closely associated with CVD risk than renin\u2010dependent aldosteronism.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T11:48:10Z","timestamp":1639136890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Heightened Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension Associated With Renin\u2010Independent Aldosteronism Versus Renin\u2010Dependent Aldosteronism: A Collaborative Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2925-0583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinbo","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiqi","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism Hudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Vic. 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