{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:12:33Z","timestamp":1790997153536,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Therapeutic advances have reduced cardiovascular death rates in people with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to define the rates of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death in people with specified CVDs or accruing cardiovascular multimorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We studied 493\u00a0280 UK residents enrolled in the UK Biobank cohort study. The proportion of deaths attributed to cardiovascular, cancer, infection, or other causes were calculated in groups defined by 9 distinct self\u2010reported CVDs at baseline, or by the number of these CVDs at baseline. Poisson regression analyses were then used to define adjusted incidence rate ratios for these causes of death, accounting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidity. Of 27\u00a0729 deaths, 20.4% were primarily attributed to CVD, 53.6% to cancer, 5.0% to infection, and 21.0% to other causes. As cardiovascular multimorbidity increased, the proportion of cardiovascular and infection\u2010related deaths was greater, contrasting with cancer and other deaths. Compared with people without CVD, those with 3 or more CVDs experienced adjusted incidence rate ratios of 7.0 (6.2\u20137.8) for cardiovascular death, 4.4 (3.4\u20135.6) for infection death, 1.5 (1.4\u20131.7) for cancer death, and 2.0 (1.7\u20132.4) for other causes of death. There was substantial heterogeneity in causes of death, both in terms of crude proportions and adjusted incidence rate ratios, among the 9 studied baseline CVDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Noncardiovascular death is common in people with CVD, although its contribution varies widely between people with different CVDs. Holistic and personalized care are likely to be important tools for continuing to improve outcomes in people with CVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T05:05:45Z","timestamp":1636175145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Causes of Death in People With Cardiovascular Disease: A UK Biobank Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Drozd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine The University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1375-1028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Pujades\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineThe University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Cancer Centre St James\u2019s HospitalLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin N.","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Cancer Centre St James\u2019s HospitalLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Lillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Castle Hill HospitalHull University Hospitals NHS Trust Kingston Upon Hull UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7146-7105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus K.","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine The University of Leeds Leeds UK"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Pneumonology, Angiology and Intensive Care Uniklinikum Aachen Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9376-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark T.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine The University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7844-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Cubbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine The University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309573"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.110.959882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30978-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30463-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30411-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"United Kingdom Office for National Statistics: Leading Causes of death 2001\u201318. Accessed on 5th July 2021. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/causesofdeath\/articles\/leadingcausesofdeathuk\/2001to2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.023188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:19:11Z","timestamp":1715584751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.023188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.121.023188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.023188","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.03.26.21254418","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e023188"}}