{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:04:19Z","timestamp":1785751459096,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Inflammation of the perivascular adipose tissue (PvAT) may be related to atherosclerosis; however, the association of polarized macrophages in the pericoronary PvAT with measurements of atherosclerosis components in humans has not been fully investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Coronary arteries were dissected with surrounding PvAT. We evaluated the percentage of arterial obstruction, intima\u2010media thickness, fibrous cap thickness, plaque components, and the number of vasa vasorum. The number of proinflammatory (M1) and anti\u2010inflammatory (M2) macrophages in the periplaque and control PvAT were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables were used. In 319 segments from 82 individuals, we found a correlation of the M1\/M2 macrophage density ratio with an increase in arterial obstruction (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02) and lipid content (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01), and a decrease in smooth muscle cells (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02). M1 and the ratio of M1\/M2 macrophages were associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03). In plaques with thrombosis, M1 macrophages were correlated with a decrease in fibrous cap thickness (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.006), an increase in lipid content (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.008), and the number of vasa vasorum in the adventitia layer (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001). M2 macrophages were correlated with increased arterial obstruction (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01), calcification (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02), necrosis (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03) only in plaques without thrombosis, and decrease of the number of vasa vasorum in plaques with thrombosis (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">M1 macrophages in the periplaque PvAT were associated with a higher risk of coronary thrombosis and were correlated with histological components of plaque progression and destabilization. M2 macrophages were correlated with plaque size, calcification, necrotic content, and a decrease in the number of vasa vasorum in the adventitia layer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T10:59:14Z","timestamp":1646132354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Macrophage Polarization in the Perivascular Fat Was Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1553-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Souza","family":"Farias\u2010Itao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Augusto","family":"Pasqualucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato Ara\u00fajo","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Automation Engineering Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz Fernando Ferraz","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristella","family":"Yahagi\u2010Estevam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2870-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia Helena Gelas","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Elaine Para\u00edzo","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Brincalepe","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control and Automation Engineering Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Kimie","family":"Suemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Discipline of Geriatrics University of Sao Paulo Medical School Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization . Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular\u2010diseases\u2010(cvds). Accessed November 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.301313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.182998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.05.063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300829"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.011147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.6340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Andrade RA Farias\u2010Itao DS Nishizawa A Campos FM Pasqualucci CA Suemoto CK Campo AB. Processamento de Imagens para An\u00e1lise da Composi\u00e7\u00e3o de Placa de Aterosclerose: Estudo Preliminar em Material de Aut\u00f3psia. 2017. Available at: https:\/\/eventos.ufabc.edu.br\/siimsps\/files\/id59.pdf. Accessed May 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.628156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.12.2904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Uiversity of California Los Angeles: Institute for Digital Research & Education. Regression with Stata Chapter 4\u2014beyond OLS. Available at: https:\/\/stats.idre.ucla.edu\/stata\/webbooks\/reg\/chapter4\/regressionwith\u2010statachapter\u20104\u2010beyond\u2010ols\u20102\/. Accessed October 24 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","unstructured":"University of California Los Angeles: Statistical Consulting Group . How can I use countfit in choosing a count model? Available at: https:\/\/stats.idre.ucla.edu\/stata\/faq\/how\u2010can\u2010i\u2010use\u2010countfit\u2010in\u2010choosing\u2010a\u2010count\u2010model\/. Accessed February 1 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017171568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31114-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008852"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642010DN40200011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a08f1b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.023274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:39:45Z","timestamp":1715600385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.023274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.121.023274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.023274","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e023274"}}