{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T23:11:29Z","timestamp":1769123489378,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Data on the relative contribution of clinical and neuroimaging risk factors to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) versus intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) occurring on oral anticoagulant treatment are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Cross\u2010sectional study was done on consecutive oral anticoagulant\u2013treated patients presenting with AIS, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or ICH from the prospective observational NOACISP (Novel\u2010Oral\u2010Anticoagulants\u2010In\u2010Stroke\u2010Patients)\u2010Acute registry. We compared clinical and neuroimaging characteristics (small vessel disease markers and atherosclerosis) in ICH versus AIS\/TIA (reference) using logistic regression. Among 734 patients presenting with stroke on oral anticoagulant treatment (404 [55%] direct oral anticoagulants, 330 [45%] vitamin K antagonists), 605 patients (82%) had AIS\/TIA and 129 (18%) had ICH. Prior AIS\/TIA, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, and worse renal function were associated with AIS\/TIA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% CI] 0.51 [0.32\u20130.82], 0.48 [0.26\u20130.86], 0.55 [0.34\u20130.89], and 0.82 [0.75\u20130.90] per 10\u00a0mL\/min). Prior ICH, older age, higher admission blood pressure, and statin treatment were associated with ICH (aOR [95% CI] 6.33 [2.87\u201314.04], 1.37 [1.04\u20131.81] per 10\u00a0years, 1.19 [1.10\u20131.29] per 10\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg, and 1.81 [1.09\u20133.03]). Cerebral microbleeds and moderate\u2010to\u2010severe white matter hyperintensities contributed more to ICH (aOR [95% CI] 2.77 [1.34\u20136.18], and 2.62 [1.28\u20135.63]). Aortic arch, common and internal carotid artery atherosclerosis, and internal carotid artery stenosis \u226550% contributed more to AIS\/TIA (aOR [95% CI] 0.54 [0.31\u20130.90], 0.29 [0.05\u20130.97], 0.48 [0.30\u20130.76], and 0.32 [0.13\u20130.67]).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In patients presenting with stroke on oral anticoagulant, AIS\/TIA was 5 times more common than ICH. A high atherosclerotic burden (indicated by cardiovascular comorbidities and extracranial atherosclerosis) and prior AIS\/TIA contributed more to AIS\/TIA, while small vessel disease markers and prior ICH were stronger determinants for ICH.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT02353585.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T11:48:18Z","timestamp":1640173698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differences Between Anticoagulated Patients With Ischemic Stroke Versus Intracerebral Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2434-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Schaub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center University Hospital Basel and University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9475-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros A.","family":"Polymeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center University Hospital Basel 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