{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:27:26Z","timestamp":1791408446215,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Exercise is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL\u2010C) levels are thought to contribute to these benefits, but much of the research in this area has been limited by lack of well\u2010controlled subject selection and exercise interventions. We sought to study the effect of moderate and high\u2010intensity exercise on HDL function, lipid\/lipoprotein profile, and other cardiometabolic parameters in a homogeneous population where exercise, daily routine, sleep patterns, and living conditions were carefully controlled.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              Male Army recruits (n=115, age 22\u00b10.3\u00a0years) completed a 12\u2010week moderate\u2010intensity exercise program. A subset of 51 subsequently completed a 15\u2010week high\u2010intensity exercise program. Fitness increased and body fat decreased after moderate\u2010 and high\u2010intensity exercise (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Moderate\u2010intensity exercise increased HDL\u2010C and apolipoprotein A\u2010I levels (6.6%, 11.6% respectively), and decreased low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels (7.2%, 4.9% respectively) (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). HDL\u2010C and apolipoprotein A\u2010I levels further increased by 8.2% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and 6.3% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05) after high\u2010intensity exercise. Moderate\u2010intensity exercise increased ABCA\u20101 (ATP\u2010binding cassette transporter A1) mediated cholesterol efflux by 13.5% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), which was sustained after high\u2010intensity exercise. In a selected subset the ability of HDLs to inhibit ICAM\u20101 (intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101) expression decreased after the high (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) but not the moderate\u2010intensity exercise program.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">When controlling for exercise patterns, diet, and sleep, moderate\u2010intensity exercise improved HDL function, lipid\/lipoprotein profile, fitness, and body composition. A sequential moderate followed by high\u2010intensity exercise program showed sustained or incremental benefits in these parameters. Improved HDL function may be part of the mechanism by which exercise reduces cardiovascular disease risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T10:37:14Z","timestamp":1655203034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Moderate\u2010 and High\u2010Intensity Exercise Improves Lipoprotein Profile and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Healthy Young Men"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9411-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Kienzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna Lee M.","family":"Dinnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ANZAC Research Institute Concord New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Kotchetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Jessup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The ANZAC Research Institute Concord New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard","family":"Kritharides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The ANZAC Research Institute Concord New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7640-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S.","family":"Celermajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9751-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerry\u2010Anne","family":"Rye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603063141003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430170057028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302253280804"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380200073024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.15.11.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.168690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0902.104353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20060368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","article-title":"Aerobic training does not alter CRP in apparently healthy, untrained men","volume":"52","author":"Stoutenberg MKJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stoutenberg MKJ, Chen GL, Perry AC, Myerburg RJ, Mendez AJ, Signorile JF, Arheart KL, Lewis JE, Jacobs KA. 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