{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:51:36Z","timestamp":1792097496767,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes following lower limb revascularization for peripheral artery disease have been ascribed to disease severity at presentation for surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We calculated 1\u2010year risk of major adverse limb events (MALEs), major amputation, and death for patients undergoing elective revascularization for claudication or chronic limb\u2010threatening ischemia in the Vascular Quality Initiative data (2011\u20132018). We report hazard ratios according to race and ethnicity using Cox (death) or Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards models (MALE and major amputation, treating death as a competing event), adjusted for patient, treatment, and anatomic factors associated with disease severity. Among 88\u00a0599 patients (age, 69\u00a0years; 37% women), 1\u2010year risk of MALE (major amputation and death) was 12.8% (95% CI, 12.5\u201313.0) in 67\u00a0651 White patients, 16.5% (95% CI, 5.8\u20137.8) in 15\u00a0442 Black patients, and 17.2% (95% CI, 5.6\u20136.9) in 5506 Hispanic patients. Compared with White patients, we observed an increased hazard of poor limb outcomes among Black (MALE: 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12\u20131.22; amputation: 1.52; 95% CI, 1.39\u20131.65) and Hispanic (MALE: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14\u20131.31; amputation: 1.45; 95% CI, 1.28\u20131.64) patients. However, Black and Hispanic patients had a hazard of death of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79\u20130.91) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.63\u20130.79) times the hazard among White patients, respectively. Worse limb outcomes were observed among Black and Hispanic patients across subcohorts of claudication and chronic limb\u2010threatening ischemia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Black and Hispanic patients undergoing infrainguinal revascularization for chronic limb\u2010threatening ischemia and claudication had worse limb outcomes compared with White patients, even with similar disease severity at presentation. Additional investigation aimed at eliminating disparate limb outcomes is needed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T12:50:12Z","timestamp":1640004612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Non\u2010Hispanic Black and Hispanic Patients Have Worse Outcomes Than White Patients Within Similar Stages of Peripheral Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Corey A.","family":"Kalbaugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering Clemson University Clemson SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Witrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-5597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laksika Banu","family":"Sivaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine L.","family":"McGinigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery School of Medicine The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1717-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Lesko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore 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