{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:22:41Z","timestamp":1774542161056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We sought to determine recurrent stroke predictors among patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We applied Cox proportional hazards models to identify clinical features associated with recurrent stroke among participants enrolled in RE\u2010SPECT ESUS (Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, Evaluation in Secondary Stroke Prevention Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran Etexilate Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source) trial, an international clinical trial evaluating dabigatran versus aspirin for patients with ESUS. During a median follow\u2010up of 19\u00a0months, 384 of 5390 participants had recurrent stroke (annual rate, 4.5%). Multivariable models revealed that stroke or transient ischemic attack before the index event (hazard ratio [HR], 2.27 [95% CI, 1.83\u20132.82]), creatinine clearance &lt;50\u00a0mL\/min (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.23\u20132.32]), male sex (HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.27\u20132.02]), and CHA\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              DS\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              \u2010VASc \u22654 (HR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.15\u20132.08] and HR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.21\u20132.26] for scores of 4 and \u22655, respectively) versus CHA\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              DS\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              \u2010VASc of 2 to 3, were independent predictors for recurrent stroke.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In RE\u2010SPECT ESUS trial, expected risk factors previously linked to other common stroke causes were associated with stroke recurrence. These data help define high\u2010risk groups for subsequent stroke that may be useful for clinicians and for researchers designing trials among patients with ESUS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT02239120.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T10:40:53Z","timestamp":1654252853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Predictors of Recurrent Stroke After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in the RE\u2010SPECT ESUS Trial"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5115-6916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor J.","family":"Del Brutto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han\u2010Christoph","family":"Diener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Donald","family":"Easton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-3291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Burlington Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG Biberach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Grauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH &amp; Co. KG Biberach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1215-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Brueckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH Ingelheim Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Mannheim University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8346-9845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8517-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Schellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johannes Wesling Medical Center, MindenUK RUB Minden 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F.","family":"Bladin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conrado J.","family":"Estol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke UnitSanatorio Guemes and Breyna Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4629-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami 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