{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:21:51Z","timestamp":1784193711316,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The effects of amiodarone and lidocaine on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in relation to time to treatment in patients with out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest is not known. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the ROC ALPS (Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Amiodarone, Lidocaine, Placebo) randomized controlled trial examining the association of time to treatment (drug or placebo) with ROSC at hospital arrival.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In the trial, adults with nontraumatic out\u2010of\u2010hospital cardiac arrest with initial refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia after at least 1 defibrillation were randomly assigned to receive amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo. We used logistic regression to examine the association of time to treatment (911 call to study drug administration) with ROSC. An interaction term between treatment and time to treatment was included to determine the potential effect of time on treatment effects. Overall, 1112 (36.7%) patients had ROSC at hospital arrival (350 in the amiodarone arm, 396 in the lidocaine arm, and 366 in the placebo arm). The proportion of patients who had ROSC decreased as time to drug administration increased, in patients treated with amiodarone (odds ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90\u20130.94 per minute increase), lidocaine (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93\u20130.96), and placebo (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93\u20130.96). With shorter times to drug administration, the proportion with ROSC was higher in amiodarone versus placebo recipients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The probability of ROSC decreased as time to drug administration increased. The effect of amiodarone but not lidocaine to restore ROSC declined with longer times to drug administration, potentially attributable to its adverse hemodynamic effects.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.023958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T10:34:53Z","timestamp":1646390093000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effect of Time to Treatment With Antiarrhythmic Drugs on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Shock\u2010Refractory Out\u2010of\u2010Hospital Cardiac Arrest"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mahbod","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institutes of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-3520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Dorian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institutes of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheldon","family":"Cheskes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institutes of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Sunnybrook Centre for Prehospital Medicine Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Lebovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationDalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Applied Health Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Institutes of Medical ScienceUniversity of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy, Management and EvaluationDalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-017-1756-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05836-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909163411203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00130-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(87)90300-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1989.tb02667.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00427-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.11.3255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120701537147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(84)81088-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"R Core Team . 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