{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T21:43:58Z","timestamp":1788039838257,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery is common. Longer\u2010term outcomes and the incidence of chronic kidney disease after AKI are not well\u2010known.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              All eligible children (aged &lt;16\u00a0years) who had developed AKI following cardiac surgery at our tertiary referral hospital were prospectively invited for a formal kidney assessment \u22485\u00a0years after AKI, including measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, \u03b1\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n              \u2010microglobulin, blood pressure, and kidney ultrasound. Longer\u2010term follow\u2010up data on kidney function were collected at the latest available visit. Among 571 patients who underwent surgery, AKI occurred in 113 (19.7%) over a 4\u2010year period. Fifteen of these (13.3%) died at a median of 31\u00a0days (interquartile range [IQR], 9\u201357) after surgery. A total of 66 patients participated in the kidney assessment at a median of 4.8\u00a0years (IQR, 3.9\u20135.7) after the index AKI episode. Thirty\u2010nine patients (59.1%) had at least 1 marker of kidney injury, including estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;90\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73\u00a0m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              in 9 (13.6%), proteinuria in 27 (40.9%), \u03b1\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n              \u2010microglobinuria in 5 (7.6%), hypertension in 13 (19.7%), and abnormalities on kidney ultrasound in 9 (13.6%). Stages 1 to 5 chronic kidney disease were present in 18 (27.3%) patients. Patients with CKD were more likely to have an associated syndrome (55.6% versus 20.8%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.015). At 13.1\u00a0years (IQR, 11.2\u201314.0) follow\u2010up, estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;90\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73\u00a0m\u00b2 was present in 18 of 49 patients (36.7%), suggesting an average estimated glomerular filtration rate decline rate of \u22121.81\u00a0mL\/min per 1.73\u00a0m\u00b2 per year.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Children who developed AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery showed persistent markers of kidney injury. As chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular comorbidity, long\u2010term kidney follow\u2010up in this population is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.024266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T09:32:29Z","timestamp":1647595949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Persistent Markers of Kidney Injury in Children Who Developed Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5606-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jef","family":"Van den Eynde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Helen B. Taussig Heart Center The Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0971-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Salaets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacoba J.","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Breysem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9234-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Vlasselaers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Desmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Meyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiovascular Diseases University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner","family":"Budts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Congenital and Structural Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4595-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Gewillig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0954-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djalila","family":"Mekahli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Nephrology University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"PKD Research Group GPURE Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.733744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04621-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.1532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04240415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.946343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008396"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease","volume":"26","author":"Baumgartner H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu\u2010Narayan SV, Budts W, Chessa M, Diller GP, Lung B, Kluin J, Lang IM, Meijboom F, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease. 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