{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:00:17Z","timestamp":1787914817025,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Remnant cholesterol (RC) has been reported to promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Yet little is known regarding the RC\u2010related residual risk in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with nonobstructive coronary arteries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              A total of 1179 patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries were enrolled and divided according to median level of RC calculated as non\u2013high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all\u2010cause death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan\u2010Meier, Cox regression, and receiver\u2010operating characteristic analyses were used. Patients with higher median level of RC had a significantly higher incidence of MACEs (16.9% versus 11.5%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.009) over the median follow\u2010up of 41.7\u00a0months. High RC levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs after adjustment for multiple clinically relevant variables (per 1\u00a0SD increase, hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 1.12\u20132.31;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.009). Elevated RC also contributed to residual risk beyond conventional lipid parameters. Moreover, RC had an area under the curve of 0.61 for MACE prediction. When adding RC to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction risk score, the combined model yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACEs.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Elevated RC was closely associated with poor outcomes after MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries independent of traditional risk factors, indicating the utility of RC for risk stratification and a rationale for targeted RC\u2010lowering trials in patients with MI with nonobstructive coronary arteries.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.024366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T09:03:50Z","timestamp":1652173430000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Remnant Cholesterol Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8817-3699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Side","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haobo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2883-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6970-2703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiansong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8704-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyue","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Fuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02591.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu469"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011201"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"143","article-title":"ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non\u2010obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"38","author":"Agewall S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Agewall S, Beltrame JF, Reynolds HR, Niessner A, Rosano G, Caforio AL, De Caterina R, Zimarino M, Roffi M, Kjeldsen K, et al. ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non\u2010obstructive coronary arteries. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:143\u2013153. doi: 10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw149","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.113.000606"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx491"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.670401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.543"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300955"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005549"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr112"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000125278.58527.F3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61177-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00184"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.676890"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs431"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035432"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002765"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319887578"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01355-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01076-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1038"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4356"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5777"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.6.670"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.308834"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13059"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032318"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.024366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:06:15Z","timestamp":1715598375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.024366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.121.024366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.121.024366","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e024366"}}