{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:17:51Z","timestamp":1792664271295,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Preeclampsia is pregnancy specific, involving significant maternal endothelial dysfunction. Predictive biomarkers are lacking. We evaluated the biomarker potential, expression, and function of PSG7 (pregnancy\u2010specific \u03b2\u20101 glycoprotein 7) and PSG9 (pregnancy\u2010specific \u03b2\u20101 glycoprotein 9) in preeclampsia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              At 36\u00a0weeks gestation preceding term preeclampsia diagnosis, PSG7 and PSG9 (in Australian cohorts of n=918 and n=979, respectively) were significantly increased before the onset of term preeclampsia (PSG7,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.013; PSG9,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0011). In samples collected at 28 to 32\u00a0weeks from those with preexisting cardiovascular disease and at high risk of preeclampsia (Manchester Antenatal Vascular Service, UK cohort, n=235), both PSG7 and PSG9 were also significantly increased preceding preeclampsia onset (PSG7,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001; PSG9,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0003) relative to controls. These changes were validated in the plasma and placentas of patients with established preeclampsia who delivered at &lt;34\u00a0weeks gestation (PSG7,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0008; PSG9,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). To examine whether PSG7 and PSG9 are associated with increasing disease severity, we measured them in a cohort from South Africa stratified for this outcome, the PROVE (Preeclampsia Obstetric Adverse Events) cohort (n=72). PSG7 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0027) and PSG9 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0028) were elevated among patients who were preeclamptic with severe features (PROVE cohort), but not significantly changed in those without severe features or with eclampsia. In syncytialized first trimester cytotrophoblast stem cells, exposure to TNF\u03b1 (tumor necrosis factor \u03b1) or IL\u20106 (interleukin 6) significantly increased the expression and secretion of PSG7 and PSG9. In contrast, when we treated primary endothelial cells with recombinant PSG7 and PSG9, we only observed modest changes in\n              <jats:italic>Flt\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n              (FMS\u2010like tyrosine kinase\u20101) expression and\n              <jats:italic>Plgf<\/jats:italic>\n              (placental growth factor) expression, and no other effects on proangiogenic\/antiangiogenic or endothelial dysfunction markers were observed.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Circulating PSG7 and PSG9 are increased before preeclampsia onset and among those with established disease with their production and release potentially driven by placental inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n          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Obstetrics and Gynecology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5202-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of clinical sciencesSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreSt Mary\u2019s Hospital Manchester United 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