{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:43:44Z","timestamp":1791935024357,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Most published reports describing outcomes of patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device\u2013related infective endocarditis (CIED\u2010IE) are single\u2010center studies with small patient sample sizes. The goal of this study was to utilize population\u2010based data to assess trends in CIED\u2010IE hospitalization and to compare outcomes between patients hospitalized with CIED\u2010IE, prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE), and native valve endocarditis (NVE).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A query of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2003 and 2017 identified 646\u2009325 patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis in the United States of whom 585\u2009974 (90%) had NVE, 27\u2009257 (4.2%) had CIED\u2010IE, and 26\u2009111 (4%) had PVE.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              There was a 509% increase in CIED\u2010IE hospitalizations in the United States from 2003 to 2017 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              trend&lt;0.001). In\u2010hospital mortality and length of stay associated with CIED\u2010IE decreased during the study period from 15% and 20\u2009days in 2003 to 9.7% and 19\u2009days in 2017 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              trend=0.032 and 0.018, respectively). The in\u2010hospital mortality rate was lower in patients hospitalized with CIED\u2010IE (9.2%) than in patients with PVE (12%) and NVE (12%). Length of stay was longest in the CIED\u2010IE group (17 compared with 14\u2009days for both NVE and PVE). Hospital costs were highest for the CIED\u2010IE group ($56\u2009000 compared with $37\u2009000 in NVE and $45\u2009000 in PVE).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Despite the fact that the number of comorbidities per patient with CIED\u2010IE increased during the study period, mortality rate and hospital length of stay decreased. The mortality rate was significantly lower for patients with CIED\u2010IE than for patients with NVE and PVE. Patients with CIED\u2010IE had the longest lengths of stay and highest hospital costs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.025600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T09:03:13Z","timestamp":1661331793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Outcomes of Patients Hospitalized With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device\u2013Related Infective Endocarditis, Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis, and Native Valve Endocarditis: A Nationwide Study, 2003 to 2017"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pegah","family":"Khaloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwajachukwumma A.","family":"Uzomah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Shaqdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1318-2942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo A.","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Galvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1344-4471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon M.","family":"Ptaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7048-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy N.","family":"Ruskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Service MGH Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02569.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01164.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaa076"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.678664"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2009.02670.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.01.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus240"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192665"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199411000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku383"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.603"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","unstructured":"Houchens RL Ross DN Elixhauser A Jiang J. 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