{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:55:54Z","timestamp":1793332554580,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Monitoring of microbiological cause of infective endocarditis (IE) remains key in the understanding of IE; however, data from large, unselected cohorts are sparse. We aimed to examine temporal changes, patient characteristics, and in\u2010hospital and long\u2010term mortality, according to microbiological cause in patients with IE from 2010 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Linking Danish nationwide registries, we identified all patients with first\u2010time IE. In\u2010hospital and long\u2010term mortality rates were assessed according to microbiological cause and compared using multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazard analysis, respectively. A total of 4123 patients were included.\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequent cause (28.1%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (26.0%),\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (15.5%), coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci (6.2%), and \u201cother microbiological causes\u201d (5.3%). Blood culture\u2013negative IE was registered in 18.9%. The proportion of blood culture\u2013negative IE declined during the study period, whereas no significant changes were seen for any microbiological cause. Patients with\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were older and more often had a prosthetic heart valve compared with other causes. For\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species IE, in\u2010hospital and long\u2010term mortality (median follow\u2010up, 2.3\u2009years) were 11.1% and 58.5%, respectively. Compared with\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species IE, the following causes were associated with a higher in\u2010hospital mortality:\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      IE (odds ratio [OR], 3.48 [95% CI, 2.74\u20134.42]),\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species IE (OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.11\u20131.97]), coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci IE (OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.21\u20132.65]), \u201cother microbiological cause\u201d (OR, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.95\u20132.27]), and blood culture\u2013negative IE (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.52\u20132.61]); and the following causes were associated with higher mortality following discharge (median follow\u2010up, 2.9\u2009years):\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      IE (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39 [95% CI, 1.19\u20131.62]),\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species IE (HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.11\u20131.54]), coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci IE (HR, 1.07 [95% CI, 0.85\u20131.36]), \u201cother microbiological cause\u201d (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.13\u20131.85]), and blood culture\u2013negative IE (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.89\u20131.25]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      This nationwide study showed that\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequent microbiological cause of IE, followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Patients with\n                      <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      IE had the highest in\u2010hospital mortality\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.025801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T05:37:44Z","timestamp":1660109864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Temporal Changes, Patient Characteristics, and Mortality, According to Microbiological Cause of Infective Endocarditis: A\u00a0Nationwide Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauge","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg\u2010Frederiksberg Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Voldstedlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-9193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels Eske","family":"Bruun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Herlev\u2010Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Clinical Institutes Copenhagen and Aalborg University Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0563-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Bundgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasper","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Herlev\u2010Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"K\u00f8ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg\u2010Frederiksberg Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6721-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens J\u00f8rgen","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regional Department of Clinical Microbiology Zealand University Hospital K\u00f8ge and Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2129-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flemming Sch\u00f8nning","family":"Rosenvinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Otto","family":"Jarl\u00f8v","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Herlev\u2010Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian \u00d8stergaard","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Amager\u2010Hvidovre Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4966-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Coia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Esbjerg Hospital Esbjerg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ea Sofie","family":"Marmolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Vejle Hospital Vejle Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstine K.","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lemming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6635-1466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f8ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil Loldrup","family":"Fosb\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2016.08.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62007-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx682"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy153"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux360"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw404"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.532"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02320317"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0285-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012832"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818001401"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.1.20667"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4287"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.24.3022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy244"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11698-011-0062-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0315-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.24.3012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-0983-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03314.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12166"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000813"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm005"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.025801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:26:32Z","timestamp":1715585192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.025801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.122.025801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.122.025801","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e025801"}}