{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:26:48Z","timestamp":1790742408022,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Heart failure (HF) has been increasing in prevalence, and a need exists for biomarkers with improved predictive and prognostic ability. GDF\u201015 (growth differentiation factor\u201015) is a novel biomarker associated with HF mortality, but no serial studies of GDF\u201015 have been conducted. This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF\u201015 levels over time and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias, HF hospitalizations, and all\u2010cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We used a retrospective case\u2013control design to analyze 148 patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies and primary prevention implantable cardioverter\u2010defibrillator (ICD) from the PROSe\u2010ICD (Prospective Observational Study of the ICD in Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention) cohort. Patients had blood drawn every 6\u2009months and after each appropriate ICD therapy and were followed for a median follow\u2010up of 4.6\u2009years, between 2005 to 2019. We compared serum GDF\u201015 levels within \u00b190\u2009days of an event among those with a ventricular tachycardia\/fibrillation event requiring ICD therapies and those hospitalized for decompensated HF. A comparator\/control group comprised patients with GDF\u201015 levels available during 2\u2010year follow\u2010up periods without events. Median follow\u2010up was 4.6\u2009years in the 148 patients studied (mean age 58\u00b112, 27% women). The HF cohort had greater median GDF\u201015 values within 90\u2009days (1797\u2009pg\/mL) and 30\u2009days (2039\u2009pg\/mL) compared with the control group (1062\u2009pg\/mL, both\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). No difference was found between the ventricular tachycardia\/fibrillation subgroup within 90\u2009days (1173\u2009pg\/mL,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.60) or 30\u2009days (1173\u2009pg\/mL,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.78) and the control group. GDF\u201015 was also significantly predictive of mortality (hazard ratio, 3.17 [95% CI, 2.33\u20134.30]).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">GDF\u201015 levels are associated with HF hospitalization and mortality but not ventricular arrhythmic events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.026003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T11:09:30Z","timestamp":1675163370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Growth Differentiation Factor\u201015 Predicts Mortality and Heart Failure Exacerbation But Not Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1961-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Scott","family":"Binder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion Roanoke VA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7117-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Yanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Norgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Marine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aravindan","family":"Kolandaivelu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7985-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Chrispin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6055-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal S.","family":"Fedarko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-9433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugh","family":"Calkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5548-4853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4958-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine C.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon F.","family":"Tomaselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"},{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medicine Bronx NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5275-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas S.","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.255174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2011.580006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.04.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X12666160111125304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn600"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01513-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.000083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.129437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-170792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4751-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016080919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04422-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248980"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.026003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:58:22Z","timestamp":1715601502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.026003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.122.026003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.122.026003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e8023"}}