{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:59:15Z","timestamp":1784185155824,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Little is known about the effect of region of origin on all\u2010cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and stroke mortality among Black individuals. We examined associations between nativity and mortality (all\u2010cause, cardiovascular, and stroke) in Black individuals in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Using the National Health Interview Service 2000 to 2014 data and mortality\u2010linked files through 2015, we identified participants aged 25 to 74\u2009years who self\u2010identified as Black (n=64\u2009717). Using a Cox regression model, we examined the association between nativity and all\u2010cause, cardiovascular, and stroke mortality. We recorded 4329 deaths (205 stroke and 932 cardiovascular deaths). In the model adjusted for age and sex, compared with US\u2010born Black individuals, all\u2010cause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44 [95% CI, 0.37\u20130.53]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.44\u20130.87]) rates were lower among Black individuals born in the Caribbean, South America, and Central America, but stroke mortality rates were similar (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.52\u20131.94]). African\u2010born Black individuals had lower all\u2010cause mortality (HR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.27\u20130.69]) and lower cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.18\u20130.98]) but comparable stroke mortality (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.11\u20132.05]). When the model was further adjusted for education, income, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes, the difference in mortality between foreign\u2010born Black individuals and US\u2010born Black individuals was no longer significant. Time since migration did not significantly affect mortality outcomes among foreign\u2010born Black individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In the United States, foreign\u2010born Black individuals had lower all\u2010cause mortality, a difference that was observed in recent and well\u2010established immigrants. Foreign\u2010born Black people had age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted lower cardiovascular mortality than US\u2010born Black people.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.026331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T10:54:44Z","timestamp":1682765684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["All\u2010Cause, Cardiovascular, and Stroke Mortality Among Foreign\u2010Born Versus US\u2010Born Individuals of African Ancestry"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2416-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain Lekoubou","family":"Looti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Penn State University, Hershey Medical Center Hershey PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Ovbiagele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomathematics University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amytis","family":"Towfighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000437068.30550.cf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X11000051"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002113"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immigration and America\u2019s Black population","volume":"62","author":"Kent M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kent M. Immigration and America\u2019s Black population. Popul Bull. 2007;62:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Popul Bull"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208125"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25318\/82-003-x201900400001-eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011451"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhis\/about_nhis.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1981.10477633"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"e27","article-title":"A systematic review of studies comparing health outcomes in Canada and the United States","volume":"1","author":"Guyatt GH","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Devereaux P, Lexchin J, Stone SB, Yalnizyan A, Himmelstein D, Woolhandler S, Zhou Q, Goldsmith LJ, Cook DJ, et al. A systematic review of studies comparing health outcomes in Canada and the United States. Open Med. 2007;1:e27\u2013e36.","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2016.1246518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3744-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300518"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020536"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.026331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T12:34:47Z","timestamp":1715603687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.026331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.122.026331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.122.026331","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e026331"}}