{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:31:58Z","timestamp":1753889518895,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Prior studies have indicated high rates of vascular risk factors, but little is known about stroke in Hmong.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              The institutional Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) database was used to identify patients discharged with acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2010 and 2019. Hmong patients were identified using clan names and primary language. Univariate analysis was used to compare Hmong and White patients. A subarachnoid hemorrhage comparison was not conducted because of the small sample size. We identified 128 Hmong patients and 3084 White patients. Hmong patients had more prevalent hemorrhagic stroke (31% versus 15%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0016). In the acute ischemic stroke cohort, compared with White patients, Hmong patients were younger (60\u00b113 versus 71\u00b115\u2009years;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), presented to the emergency department almost 4\u2009hours later; and had a lower thrombolysis usage rate (6% versus 14%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03496), worse lipid profile, higher hemoglobin A\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              , similar stroke severity, and less frequent discharge to rehabilitation facilities. The most common ischemic stroke mechanism for Hmong patients was small\u2010vessel disease. In the intracerebral hemorrhage cohort, Hmong patients were younger (55\u00b113 versus 70\u00b115\u2009years;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), had higher blood pressure, and had a lower rate of independent ambulation on discharge (9% versus 30%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0041).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Hmong patients with stroke were younger and had poorer risk factor control compared with White patients. There was a significant delay in emergency department arrival and low use of acute therapies among the Hmong acute ischemic stroke cohort. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations, but action is urgently needed to close gaps in primary care and stroke health literacy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.026763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T13:35:09Z","timestamp":1689773709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stroke Characteristics in a Cohort of Hmong American Patients"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haitham M.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center Bloomington MN USA"},{"name":"Regions Hospital Comprehensive Stroke Center Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4823-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhavani","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center Bloomington MN USA"},{"name":"HealthPartners Institute Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"O'Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthPartners Institute Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Droegemueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regions Hospital Comprehensive Stroke Center Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally I.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center Bloomington MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0568-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Kau","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2847-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah R.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research, HealthPartners Neuroscience Center Bloomington MN USA"},{"name":"HealthPartners Institute Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"H.R.6755 \u2010 94th Congress (1975\u20101976): Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act. 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