{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T21:50:44Z","timestamp":1780609844782,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Gestational diabetes (GD) is associated with increased risk of long\u2010term cardiovascular complications. However, data on acute peripartum cardiovascular complications are not well established. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of GD with acute cardiovascular outcomes at the time of delivery admission.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We used data from the National Inpatient Sample (2004\u20132019).\n              <jats:italic>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>ICD\u20109<\/jats:italic>\n              ) or\n              <jats:italic>Tenth Revision<\/jats:italic>\n              (\n              <jats:italic>ICD\u201010<\/jats:italic>\n              ) codes were used to identify delivery hospitalizations and GD diagnosis. A total of 63\u2009115\u2009002 weighted hospitalizations for deliveries were identified, of which 3.9% were among individuals with GD (n=2\u2009435\u2009301). The prevalence of both GD and obesity increased during the study period (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              trends&lt;0.01). Individuals with GD versus those without GD had a higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. After adjustment for age, race or ethnicity, comorbidities, insurance, and income, GD remained independently associated with cardiovascular complications including preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97 [95% CI, 1.96\u20131.98]), peripartum cardiomyopathy (aOR, 1.15 [1.08\u20131.22]), acute kidney injury (aOR, 1.16 [1.11\u20131.21]), stroke (aOR, 1.15 [1.09\u20131.23]), and arrhythmias (aOR, 1.48 [1.46\u20131.50]), compared with no GD. Moreover, delivery hospitalizations among individuals with GD were associated with increased length (3 versus 2\u2009days,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01) and cost of hospitalization ($4909 versus $3682,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). Even in the absence of preeclampsia, GD was associated with elevated cardiovascular risk.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Individuals with GD had a higher risk of preeclampsia, peripartum cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury, stroke, and arrhythmias during delivery hospitalizations. As rates of GD are increasing globally, efforts to improve preconception cardiometabolic health and prevent GD may represent important strategies to improve peripartum maternal outcomes and mitigate long\u2010term cardiovascular risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.026786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T10:57:18Z","timestamp":1666868238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trends, Predictors, and Outcomes of Cardiovascular Complications at Delivery Associated With Gestational Diabetes: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2004\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2754-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman","family":"Zahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sands\u2010Constellation Heart Institute, Rochester General Hospital Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2008-7110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sands\u2010Constellation Heart Institute, Rochester General Hospital Rochester NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6680-0404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anum S.","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy L.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-5021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Honigberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3483-5527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda B.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5547-5084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin D.","family":"Michos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6743a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.130415"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7217"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.3189"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4840-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047320"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.144.suppl_1.12986"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.121.17104"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.44.6.1053"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80033-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6818e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:113967"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","volume-title":"Overview of the National (nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS)","author":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Overview of the National (nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS). AHRQ; 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp#about. Accessed December 29, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","volume-title":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","author":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)","year":"2021","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) . Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp. Accessed December 29, 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)","author":"Cost\u2010to\u2010Charge Ratio Files","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cost\u2010to\u2010Charge Ratio Files . Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.hcup\u2010us.ahrq.gov\/db\/ccr\/costtocharge.jsp. Accessed April 8, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","volume-title":"Hospitalizations Related to Diabetes in Pregnancy, 2008. HCUP Statistical Brief#102","author":"Wier LM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wier LM, Witt E, Burgess J, Elixhauser A. Hospitalizations Related to Diabetes in Pregnancy, 2008. HCUP Statistical Brief#102. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.hcupus.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/sb102.pdf. Accessed April 28, 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.831297"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.2790"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1400"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0552"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.654"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01444-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx265"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0268"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0338-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.025839"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100657"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015123"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2021.100286"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hco.0000000000000893"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2009.12303"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001600"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.4391"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22887"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.121.021142"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.7767"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17653"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.026786","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T12:36:51Z","timestamp":1715603811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.122.026786"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.122.026786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.122.026786","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e026786"}}