{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:42:11Z","timestamp":1778902931332,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A previously underrecognized phenotype of left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) has been increasingly identified in Fabry disease. This study explored LVAA's clinical prevalence and its prognostic implications over a long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We retrospectively analyzed 268 consecutive patients with Fabry disease at a tertiary medical center. Patients with increased left ventricular mass index were recognized as having left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVAA was identified using either echocardiography or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Two patients with ischemic LVAA were excluded. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular events, including heart failure hospitalization, sustained ventricular tachycardia, ischemic stroke, and all\u2010cause mortality. Of 266 enrolled patients, 105 (39.5%) had LVH (age 58.5\u00b111.9\u2009years, 48.6% men), and 11 (10.5%) had LVAA. Over 49.3\u00b134.8\u2009months of follow\u2010up, 25 patients with LVH experienced composite events, including 9 heart failure hospitalizations, 4 sustained ventricular tachycardia, 6 ischemic strokes, and 15 mortalities. In patients with LVH, those with LVAA had a significantly higher risk of composite events and lower event\u2010free survival than those without LVAA (8 [72.7%] versus 17 [18.1%], log\u2010rank\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). LVAA was independently associated with an increased risk of composite events (hazard ratio, 3.59 [95% CI, 1.30\u20139.91];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, advanced heart failure, renal function, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular diastolic function, and left ventricular mass index.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">LVAA is present in approximately 10% of patients with Fabry disease and LVH. It is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events and may necessitate aggressive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.027041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T10:39:28Z","timestamp":1672396768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Left Ventricular Apical Aneurysm in Fabry Disease: Implications for Clinical Significance and Risk Stratification"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6256-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao\u2010Chih","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan and Suao Branch Yilan Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine College of 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dau\u2010Ming","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9085-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih\u2010Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Center Taichung Veterans General Hospital Taichung 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