{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:25:13Z","timestamp":1793384713987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Stroke burden characterization studies in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries are scarce. We estimated the burden of stroke and its risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We extracted GBD (Global Burden of Disease) study 2019 data on overall stroke and 3 subtypes (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) for 20 LAC countries. We estimated absolute and age\u2010standardized rates of disability\u2010adjusted life years, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and deaths. The population\u2010attributable fractions of 17 risk factors were estimated. All analyses were performed at regional and national levels by stroke subtype, sex, and age subgroups. In 2019, the LAC region had the fourth largest stroke burden worldwide (6.8\u00a0million disability\u2010adjusted life years), predominantly attributable to premature deaths (89.5% of disability\u2010adjusted life years). Intracerebral hemorrhage was the primary cause of the overall stroke burden (42% of disability\u2010adjusted life years), but ischemic stroke was the leading cause of disability (69% of total years lived with disability). Haiti and Honduras had the highest age\u2010standardized rates. Older adults and men had the largest burdens, although women had the highest rate of disability. Socioeconomic development level did not influence the burden. The major risk factor clusters were metabolic (high systolic blood pressure [population\u2010attributable fraction=53%] and high body mass index [population\u2010attributable fraction=37%]), which were more influential in hemorrhagic events, women, and older adults. Household air pollution was an important risk factor in low\u2010income countries in LAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The stroke burden and stroke\u2010related mortality in LAC are higher than the worldwide averages. However, stroke is a highly preventable disease in this region. Up to 90% of the burden could be reduced by targeting 2 modifiable factors: blood pressure and body mass index. Further research and implementation of primary and secondary prevention interventions are needed, as well as integrated national stroke care programs for acute, subacute, and rehabilitation management in LAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.027044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T06:31:07Z","timestamp":1666765867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Burden of Stroke and Population\u2010Attributable Fractions of Risk Factors in Latin America and the Caribbean"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7166-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Pacheco\u2010Barrios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department SYNAPSIS Mental Health and Neurology Non\u2010Profit Organization Lima Peru"},{"name":"Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Generaci\u00f3n y S\u00edntesis de Evidencias en Salud Lima Peru"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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