{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:55:07Z","timestamp":1787018107700,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Little attention has been paid to how well the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health (CVH) score predicts early\u2010onset diabetes in young adults. We investigated the association of CVH score with early\u2010 and later\u2010onset diabetes and with subsequent complications of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS AND RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our sample included 4547 Black and White adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study without diabetes at baseline (1985\u20131986; aged 18\u201330\u2009years) with complete data on the CVH score at baseline, including smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Incident diabetes was determined based on fasting glucose, 2\u2010hour postload glucose, hemoglobin A1c, or self\u2010reported medication use throughout 8 visits for 30\u2009years. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between CVH score and diabetes onset at age &lt;40\u2009years (early onset) versus age \u226540\u2009years (later onset). Secondary analyses assessed the association between CVH score and risk of complications (coronary artery calcium, clinical cardiovascular disease, kidney function markers, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy) among a subsample with diabetes. We identified 116 early\u2010 and 502 later\u2010onset incident diabetes cases. Each 1\u2010point higher CVH score was associated with lower odds of developing early\u2010onset (odds ratio [OR], 0.64 [95% CI, 0.58\u20130.71]) and later\u2010onset diabetes (OR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.74\u20130.83]). Lower estimates of diabetic complications were observed per 1\u2010point higher CVH score: 19% for coronary artery calcification\u2265100, 18% for cardiovascular disease, and 14% for diabetic neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Higher CVH score in young adulthood was associated with lower early\u2010 and later\u2010onset diabetes as well as diabetic complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.027558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T05:36:49Z","timestamp":1671860209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of Cardiovascular Health Score With Early\u2010 and Later\u2010Onset Diabetes and With Subsequent Vascular Complications of Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuni","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-0543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3694-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Patrick","family":"Bancks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-567X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"EunSeok","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Chungnam National University Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7035-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes R.","family":"Carnethon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9920-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Duprez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota\u2013Twin Cities Minneapolis MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30186-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006685","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in cardiac structure and function from adolescence to young adulthood in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the TODAY follow\u2010up study","volume":"13","author":"TODAY Study Group","year":"2020","unstructured":"TODAY Study Group . 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