{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:08:10Z","timestamp":1790996890775,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The association between common carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness (CCA\u2010IMT) and incident carotid plaque has not been characterized fully. We therefore aimed to precisely quantify the relationship between CCA\u2010IMT and carotid plaque development.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We undertook an individual participant data meta\u2010analysis of 20 prospective studies from the Proof\u2010ATHERO (Prospective Studies of Atherosclerosis) consortium that recorded baseline CCA\u2010IMT and incident carotid plaque involving 21\u2009494 individuals without a history of cardiovascular disease and without preexisting carotid plaque at baseline. Mean baseline age was 56\u2009years (SD, 9\u2009years), 55% were women, and mean baseline CCA\u2010IMT was 0.71\u2009mm (SD, 0.17\u2009mm). Over a median follow\u2010up of 5.9\u2009years (5th\u201395th percentile, 1.9\u201319.0\u2009years), 8278 individuals developed first\u2010ever carotid plaque. We combined study\u2010specific odds ratios (ORs) for incident carotid plaque using random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis. Baseline CCA\u2010IMT was approximately log\u2010linearly associated with the odds of developing carotid plaque. The age\u2010, sex\u2010, and trial arm\u2013adjusted OR for carotid plaque per SD higher baseline CCA\u2010IMT was 1.40 (95% CI, 1.31\u20131.50;\n              <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              =63.9%). The corresponding OR that was further adjusted for ethnicity, smoking, diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low\u2010 and high\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid\u2010lowering and antihypertensive medication was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.24\u20131.45;\n              <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              =59.4%; 14 studies; 16\u2009297 participants; 6381 incident plaques). We observed no significant effect modification across clinically relevant subgroups. Sensitivity analysis restricted to studies defining plaque as focal thickening yielded a comparable OR (1.38 [95% CI, 1.29\u20131.47];\n              <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              =57.1%; 14 studies; 17\u2009352 participants; 6991 incident plaques).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Our large\u2010scale individual participant data meta\u2010analysis demonstrated that CCA\u2010IMT is associated with the long\u2010term risk of developing first\u2010ever carotid plaque, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.027657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T02:28:10Z","timestamp":1686450490000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association of Intima\u2010Media Thickness Measured at the Common Carotid Artery With Incident Carotid Plaque: Individual Participant Data Meta\u2010Analysis of 20 Prospective Studies"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7988-853X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Tschiderer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0260-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Seekircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0308-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-1408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costantino","family":"Mancusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1979-7131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria V.","family":"Manzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2766-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiano","family":"Baldassarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0118-5719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Cardiologico Monzino Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0929-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Tremoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital Cotignola (Ravenna) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9378-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Veglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital Cotignola (Ravenna) Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi\u2010Pekka","family":"Tuomainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Kauhanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0664-2675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ari","family":"Voutilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6132-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Iglseder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Gemeinn\u00fctzige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft GmbH Christian\u2010Doppler\u2010Klinik Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2335-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7115-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Rundek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moise","family":"Desvarieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York NY"},{"name":"METHODS Core, Centre de Recherche Epid\u00e9miologie et Statistique Paris Sorbonne Cit\u00e9 Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 1153 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Purification Unit Hamamatsu University Hospital Hamamatsu 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of Medicine Bornova\u2010Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Agewall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital Division of Cardiology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4181-0937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joline W. J.","family":"Beulens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center\u2013Location Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6322-7753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"},{"name":"Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6038-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip C.","family":"Calder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK"},{"name":"Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8072-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hertzel C.","family":"Gerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Hamilton General Hospital Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Gresele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Perugia Perugia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Klingenschmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine General Medicine and Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2230-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Holbaek Hospital University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5619-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Parraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute Western University London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3069-3752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya S.","family":"Safarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2793-2388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Skilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8752-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coen D. A.","family":"Stehouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4787-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Uthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel A.","family":"van Agtmael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber A.","family":"van der Heijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Amsterdam University Medical Center\u2013Location Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2995-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota A.","family":"Zozuli\u0144ska\u2010Zi\u00f3\u0142kiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Woong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital Sejong\u2010si South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moo\u2010Sik","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine Konyang University Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Konyang University Hospital Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9533-7527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang\u2010Ho","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center, Konyang University Hospital Daejeon South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Konyang University College of Medicine Daejeon South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Beloqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic of Navarra Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3234-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel F.","family":"Landecho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University Clinic of Navarra Navarra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4134-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Plichart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre University Paris Descartes Paris France"},{"name":"Fondation Sant\u00e9 Service, Hospital at Home Levallois\u2010Perret France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ducimetiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University Paris Descartes Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-7772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Philippe","family":"Empana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre University Paris Descartes Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Bokemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V\u00e4strag\u00f6taland Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8534-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9230-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuela","family":"Castelnuovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Dislipidemie, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6081-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe D.","family":"Norata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana per lo Studio dell'Aterosclerosi Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital Cinisello Balsamo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grigore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberico","family":"Catapano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Stituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Multimedica Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-3449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3311-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Arfan","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5976-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Kavousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2871-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiel L.","family":"Bots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael 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