{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:11:54Z","timestamp":1777990314901,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec sec-type=\"background\" xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The purpose of this study was to validate a technique for measuring mean calcium density and to determine associations of cardiovascular risk factors with carotid calcium density.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n              We performed a cross\u2010sectional study in a random sample of 100 stroke\u2010free participants from the population\u2010based Rotterdam Study. The mean calcium density of the combined left and right carotid bifurcations was quantified with a threshold of 130 Hounsfield Units (HU) using a novel density technique. To validate the methodology, carotid calcium volumes acquired using the technique in the current study were compared with measurements computed using dedicated clinical software (semiautomatic technique based on a threshold of \u2265130 HU). Next, we investigated the associations of participant demographics, total calcium volume, and known cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and smoking status) with the newly derived mean carotid calcium density measurement using linear regression analyses. Calcium volumes obtained with the 2 methods showed a high agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), underlining the validity of the density technique. The total calcium volume was statistically significantly associated with the mean calcium density (cardiovascular risk factors adjusted model (B: 0.48 [95% CI, 0.30\u20130.66],\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). We also found an association between hypercholesterolemia and mean calcium density (0.46 [0.09\u20130.83],\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.017). No other significant associations were found between participant demographics or cardiovascular risk factors and mean carotid calcium density.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We demonstrated the feasibility of a carotid calcium density measurement technique. The data warrant a subsequent longitudinal study to determine the association between carotid calcium density and the risk of cerebrovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.122.027866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T23:05:24Z","timestamp":1687475124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cross\u2010Sectional Validation of a Novel Computed Tomography\u2010Based Carotid Mean Calcium Density Measurement"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4017-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Cahalane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Thoraxcentre, Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5900-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Akyildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Thoraxcentre, Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomechanical Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5976-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Kavousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4658-2176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meike W.","family":"Vernooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0173-9571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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